Enhanced Antimicrobial Efficacy of Propolis Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Raw beef

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Jaafar Al-Hashemi ¹

Amir Salari ²

Basima Jasim Mohammed ³

¹ Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of veterinary Medicin Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran.

² Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

³ College of veterinary Medicin , University of AL-Qadisiyah, Iraq.

10.22067/ijvst.2025.94414.1574

Abstract

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in raw beef poses a serious public health threat by facilitating resistant infections, spreading through food chains, and enabling animal to human transmission. Addressing this issue requires coordinated efforts across food safety, agriculture, and healthcare sectors. A total of 112 raw beef samples were collected from the boneless outer surface of shoulder and thigh regions of beef carcasses. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus then were isolated by traditional methods. Propolis-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (LNPs-PL) were prepared using ultra-sonication and high-shear homogenization techniques. The manufactured formulation's encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and physicochemical characteristics were evaluated. Morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and chemical makeup of the tested regular oil and LNPs-PL was analyzed using GC/MS. The antibacterial activity of LNPs-PL was compared with that of free propolis (PL) using in vitro assays. The prevalence of MRSA among raw beef samples was 50/112 (44.6%). among which 20 isolates (40%) were confirmed as MRSA. LNPs-PL demonstrated significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity, with an inhibition zone of 36.0 mm compared to 14.0 mm for PL. The findings indicate that modifications should be made in the loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, and physicochemical properties. Also the findings confirmed that SLNs are effective PL carriers for controlling bacterial and fungal diseases. These findings suggest that LNPs-PL could be developed as natural antimicrobial agents for food preservation or surface sanitization in the food industry

Keywords

Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus

Raw beef

Propolis nanoparticles

Antimicrobial efficacy

Foodborne pathogens

Subjects

• Food hygiene

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