1. Herzig V, Cristofori-Armstrong B, Israel MR, Nixon SA, Vetter I, King GF. Animal toxins - Nature's evolutionary-refined toolkit for basic research and drug discovery. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020; 181:114096. Doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114096.
2. Stork NE. How many species of insects and other terrestrial arthropods are there on Earth? Annual review of entomology. 2018; 63:31-45.
3. Larsen BB, Miller EC, Rhodes MK, Wiens JJ. Inordinate fondness multiplied and redistributed: the number of species on earth and the new pie of life. The Quarterly Review of Biology. 2017 ;92(3):229-65.
4. Ahmadi S, Knerr JM. Argemi L, Bordon KCF, Pucca MB, Cerni FA, Arantes EC, Çalıskan F, Laustsen AH. Scorpion Venom: Detriments and Benefits. Biomedicines 2020; 8:118,1-32. Doi: 10.3390/biomedicines8050118
5. Lau JL, Dunn MK. Therapeutic peptides: Historical perspectives, current development trends, and future directions. Bioorg Med Chem. 2018;26,2700-707.
6. Maatuf Y, Geron M, Priel A. The Role of Toxins in the Pursuit for Novel Analgesics. Toxins (Basel). 2019 Feb23;11(2):131. Doi:10.3390/toxins11020131.
7. Moghadasi Z, Shahbazzadeh D, Jamili S, Mosaffa N, Bagheri KP. Significant anticancer activity of a venom fraction derived from the Persian Gulf Sea anemone, Stichodactyla haddoni. Iran J Pharm Res. 2020;19(3):402-20. Doi:10.22037/ijpr.2019.14600.12521.
8. Daly NL, Wilson D. Structural diversity of arthropod venom toxins. Toxicon. 2018;152:46-56.
9. Herzig V. Animal Venoms-Curse or Cure? Biomedicines. 2021 Apr;9(4):413. Doi:10.3390/biomedicines9040413.
10. Zarghami V, Ghorbani M, Bagheri KP, Shokrgozar MA. Melittin antimicrobial peptide thin layer on bone implant chitosanantibiotic coatings and their bactericidal properties. Mater Chem Phys. 2021;263,124432. Doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.124432
11. Harvey AL. Toxins and drug discovery. Toxicon. 2014; 92, 193-200.
12. Senji Laxme RR, Suranse V, Sunagar K. Arthropod venoms: Biochemistry, ecology and evolution. Toxicon. 2019;158:84-103. Doi:: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.433.
13. Radis-Baptista, G, Konno K. Arthropod Venom Components and Their Potential Usage. Toxins (Basel). 2020;12(2):82. doi: 10.3390/toxins12020082.
14. Herzig V. Arthropod assassins: Crawling biochemists with diverse toxin pharmacopeias. Toxicon. 2019;158:33–37. Doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.312.
15. Kim H, Park SY, Lee G. Potential therapeutic applications of bee venom on skin disease and its mechanisms: A literature review.Toxins.2019;11(7):374. Doi: 10.3390/toxins11070374
16. Cavigliasso F, Mathé-Hubert H, Kremmer L, Rebuf C, Gatti JL, Malausa T, Colinet D, Poirié M. Rapid and differential evolution of the venom composition of a parasitoid wasp depending on the host strain. Toxins. 2019;11(11):629.
17. Walker AA, Rosenthal M, Undheim EE, King GF. Harvesting venom toxins from assassin bugs and other heteropteran insects. JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments). 2018; 21(134):e57729.
18. Dodou Lima HV, de Paula Cavalcante CS, Rádis-Baptista G. Antifungal in vitro activity of pilosulin-and ponericin-like peptides from the giant ant dinoponera quadriceps and synergistic effects with antimycotic drugs. Antibiotics. 2020 ;9(6):354.
19. Alberto-Silva C, Portaro FC, Kodama RT, Pantaleão HQ, Rangel M, Nihei KI, Konno K. Novel neuroprotective peptides in the venom of the solitary scoliid wasp Scolia decorata ventralis. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases. 2021;11;27.
20. Kachel HS, Buckingham SD, Sattelle DB. Insect toxins–selective pharmacological tools and drug/chemical leads. Current opinion in insect science. 2018;1;30:93-8.
21. Tonk M, Vilcinskas A, Grevelding CG, Haeberlein S. Anthelminthic activity of assassin bug venom against the blood fluke schistosoma mansoni. Antibiotics. 2020;9(10):664.
22. Kellershohn J, Thomas L, Hahnel SR, Grünweller A, Hartmann RK, Hardt M, Vilcinskas A, Grevelding CG, Haeberlein S. Insects in anthelminthics research: Lady beetle-derived harmonine affects survival, reproduction and stem cell proliferation of Schistosoma mansoni. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2019;14;13(3):e0007240.
23. Vetter RS, Visscher PK. Bites and stings of medically important venomous arthropods. Int. J. Dermatol.1998 Jul;37(7):481-96.
24. Haddad Jr V, Cardoso JL, Lupi O, Tyring SK. Tropical dermatology: Venomous arthropods and human skin: Part I. Insecta. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;1;67(3):331-e1.
25. Haddad Jr V, Cardoso JL, Lupi O, Tyring SK. Tropical dermatology: Venomous arthropods and human skin: Part II. Diplopoda, Chilopoda, and Arachnida. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012; 1;67(3):347-e1.
26. Sarwar M. Direct possessions of insect arthropods on humans owing to allergen, bloodsucking, biting, envenomation and stinging side by side case diagnosis and treating. Int. J. Bioinform. Res. Appl. 2015;1(3):331-37.
27. Fitzgerald KT, Flood AA. Hymenoptera stings. Clinical techniques in small animal practice. 2006 Nov;1;21(4):194-204.
28. Laxme RS, Suranse V, Sunagar K. Arthropod venoms: Biochemistry, ecology and evolution. Toxicon. 2019;1;158:84-103.
29. Isbister GK, Bawaskar HS. Scorpion envenomation. New Engl J Med. 2014;371(5):457–63.
30. Prendini L. Order Scorpiones C.L. Koch, 1850. In: Zhang Z.Q., editor. Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa; Auckland, New Zealand. 2011; 3148: 115–177. Doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.
31. Rein-Ove J. Norwegian University of Science and Technology; 2014. [(accessed on 1 October 2015)]. Scorpion Files. Tronheim. Available online: http://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files. [Google Scholar]
32. Santos MS, Silva CG, Silva Neto B, Grangeiro Júnior CR, Lopes VH, Teixeira Júnior AG. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of scorpionism in the world: a systematic review. Wilderness Environ Med. 2016;27:504-18.
33. Marks CJ, Muller GJ, Sachno D, Reuter H, Wium CA, Du Plessis CE, Van Hoving DJ. The epidemiology and severity of scorpion envenoming in South Africa as managed by the tygerberg poisons information centre over a 10 year period .Afr J Emerg Med. 2019;9(1):21-24.
34. Barahoei H, Navidpour Sh, Aliabadian M, Siahsarvie R. Mirshamsi O. Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida: Scorpiones): Annotated checklist, DELTA database and identification key. JIBS (Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics). 2020;6(4):375-474.
35. Mohammadi Bavani M, Rafinejad J, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Oshaghi MA, Navidpour Sh, Dabiri F, et al. Spatial distribution of medically important scorpions in North West of Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2017;11(3):371-82.
36. Dehghani R, Kamiabi F, Mohammadi M. Scorpionism by Hemiscorpius spp. in Iran: a review. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2018 ;24(8):1-10. Doi: 10.1186/s40409-018-0145-z.
37. Dupre G. Repartition Continentale Des Scorpions. Arachnides, Bulletin De Terrariophilie Et De Recherches De L’A.P.C.I. (Association Pour la Connaissance des Invertébrés). 2012; 8-32.
38. Jalali A, Rahim F. Epidemiological review of scorpion envenomation in Iran. Iran J Pharm Res. 2014;13(3):743-56.
39. Dehghani R, Charkhloo E, Seyyedi-Bidgoli N, Chimehi E, Ghavami-Ghameshlo M. A Review on Scorpionism in Iran. J arthropod-borne dis. 2018;12(4):325.
40. Radmanesh M. Androctonus crassicauda sting and its clinical study in Iran. J Trop Med Hyg. 1990; 93(5):323-6.
41. Shahi M, Rafinejad J, Az-Khosravi L, Moosavy SH. First report of death due to Hemiscorpius acanthocercus envenomation in Iran: Case report. Electronic physician. 2015 Sep;7(5):1234.
42. Rouhullah Dehghani, Javad Rafinejad, Behrooz Fathi, Morteza Panjeh Shahi, Mehrdad Jazayeri, Afsaneh Hashemi. A Retrospective Study on Scropionism in Iran (2002–2011). J Arthropod-Borne Dis. 2017; 11(2):194-203.
43. Rahmani AH, Jalali A. Symptom patterns in adult patients stung by scorpions with emphasis on coagulopathy and hemoglubinuria. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2012;18:427-31.
44. Seyedian R, Jalali A, Babaee MH, Pipelzadeh MH, Rezaee S. A biodistribution study of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion venom and available polyclonal antivenom in rats. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2012; 18:375-83.
45. Jalali A, Bavarsad-Omidian N, Babaei M, Najafzadeh H, Rezaei S. The pharmacokinetics of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion venom and Razi antivenom following intramuscular administration in rat. J. Venom Res. 2012; 3:1-6.
46. Khatony A, Abdi A, Fatahpour T, Towhidi F. The epidemiology of scorpion stings in tropical areas of Kermanshah province, Iran, during 2008 and 2009. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2015;21:45. Doi: 10.1186/s40409-015-0045-4.
47. Dehghani R, Arani MG. Scorpion sting prevention and treatment in ancient Iran. J Ttradit Complement Med. 2015 ;1;5(2):75-80.
48. Diaz HJ. The global epidemiology, syndromic classification, management, and prevention of spider bites. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2004;71,239-50.
49. Yigit, N., Bayram, A., Ulasoglu, D., Danisman, T., Corak Ocal, I., & Sancak, Z. Loxosceles spider bite in Turkey (Loxosceles rufescens, Sicariidae, Araneae). J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2008;14(1),178-87.
50. Zamani, A, Mirshamsi O. Contribution to the distribution of spiders with significant medical importance (Araneae: Loxosceles and Latrodectus) in Iran, with a new record for the country. IJAB. 2014;1:57-66.
51. Baniardalani M, Saghafipour A, Kababian M, Abai MR. Cutaneous necrosis following brown recluse spider bite. Iran J Dermatol. 2020;23(1):40-2.
52. da Silveira RB, dos Santos Filho JF, Mangili OC, Veiga SS, Gremski W, Nader HB, von Dietrich CP. Identification of proteases in the extract of venom glands from brown spiders. Toxicon. 2002;30;40(6):815-22.
53. Veiga SS, da Silveira RB, Dreyfuss JL, Haoach J, Pereira AM, Mangili OC, Gremski W. Identification of high molecular weight serine-proteases in Loxosceles intermedia (brown spider) venom. Toxicon. 2000;30;38(6):825-39.
54. Mohammadi Bavani, M., Shafaie, S., Chavshin, A., Dabiri, F., Badakhshan, M., Naghian, A., Entezar Mahdi, R., Seyyed-Zadeh, S., Rafinejad, J., Saeedi, S., Rasegh, P. New Data on Latrodectus tredecimguttatus Rossi, 1790, the Medically Important Spider Species (Araneae: Theridiidae) from Iran. Arch Razi Inst, 2021;76(2):385-90.
55. Nicholson GM, Graudins A. Spiders of medical importance in the Asia-Pacific: atracotoxin, latrotoxin and related spider neurotoxins. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2002;29(9):785-94. Doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03741.x.
56. Afshari R, Khadem-Rezaiyan M, Balali-Mood, M. Spider bite (latrodectism) in Mashhad, Iran. HET (Human & Experimental Toxicology). 2009;28(11):697-702.
57. Clark RF, Wethern-Kestner S, Vance MV, Gerkin R. Clinical presentation and treatment of black widow envenomation: a review of 163 cases. Ann Emerge. Med.1992;7-782:(7) 21.
58. Miller TA. Latrodectism: bite of the black widow spider. Am Fam Physician.1992;45(1): 181-87.
59. Mirshamsi O, Hatami M, Zamani A. New record of the Mediterranean Recluse Spider Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour, 1820) and its bite from Khorasan Province, NE Iran (Aranei: Sicariidae). Iran J Anim Biosyst.2013;9:83-86.
60. Dehghani R, Talaee R, Rafinejad J, Seydi Rezvani R, Karimi F. Brown widow spider bite (Loxosceles sp., Araneae, Sicariidae): a case report from Kashan, Iran. Iran J Dermatol. 2017 ; 20(1):32-5.
61. Sanaei-Zadeh H. Spider bite in Iran. Electronic physician. 2017;9(7):4703-707.Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19082/4703.
62. Zamani A, Rafinejad J. First record of the Mediterranean Recluse Spider Loxosceles rufescens (Araneae: Sicariidae) from Iran. J Arthropod-Borne Dis. 2014;8:228-231.
63. Rahmani F, Khojasteh SM, Bakhtavar HE, Nia KS, Roohi AJ, Massoud A, Fakhrayi BN, Shahbazi S. Identification of widow spider in East Azerbaijan, Iran: case series. Med J of Tabriz Uni Med Sciences. 2014 ;30;36(1):82-6.
64. Vetter RS. Clinical consequences of toxic envenomation by spiders. Toxicon. 2018; 15;152:65-70.
65. Appel MH, Silveira RB, GremskI W, Veiga SS. Insights into brown spider and loxoscelism. Invertebr Surviv J. 2005;2:152-58.
66. Dantas-Torres F, Chomel BB, Otranto D. Ticks and tick-borne diseases: a one health perspective. Trends parasitol. 2012 ;31;28(10):437-46.
67. Randolph SE. To what extent has climate change contributed to the recent epidemiology of tick-borne diseases? Vet parasitol. 2010;10;167(2):92-4.
68. Asl HM, Goya MM, Vatandoost H, Zahraei SM, Mafi M, Asmar M, Piazak N, Aghighi Z. The epidemiology of tick-borne relapsing fever in Iran during 1997–2006. Travel Med Infect dis. 2009;7(3):160-64.
69. Kassiri H, Dehghani R, Saberi HR, Dehghani M. Ecology of hard ticks (Arachnida: Acari: Ixodidae) in Kashan County, central Iran. J Entomol Res. 2020;44(4):653-8.
70. Burke MS, Fordham LA, Hamrick HJ. Ticks and tick paralysis: imaging findings on cranial MR. Pediatr radiol. 2005;35(2):206-8.
71. Šimo L, Kazimirova M, Richardson J, Bonnet SI (2017) The essential role of tick salivary glands and saliva in tick feeding and pathogen transmission. Front. Cell Infect Microbiol 7:281. Doi:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00281
72. Cordeiro FA, Amorim FG, Anjolette FA, Arantes EC. Arachnids of medical importance in Brazil: main active compounds present in scorpion and spider venoms and tick saliva. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2015;21(1):24.
73. Chmelar J, Calvo E, Pedra JH, Francischetti IM, Kotsyfakis M. Tick salivary secretion as a source of antihemostatics. J proteomics. 2012;75(13):3842-54.
74. Kotál J, Langhansová H, Lieskovská J, Andersen JF, Francischetti IM, Chavakis T, Kopecký J, Pedra JH, Kotsyfakis M, Chmelař J. Modulation of host immunity by tick saliva. J proteomics. 2015 ;128:58-68.
75. Nuttall PA.Tick saliva and its role in pathogen transmission. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2023;135:165-176. Doi: 10.1007/s00508-019-1500-y.
76. Dehghani R, Mohegh S, Moalemi A, Zamini G. Tick-biting of the Hyalomma spp. as a vector of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF): Case Report. Mil Med. 2019 ;21:109-114.
77. Sparagano O, Földvári G, Derdáková M, Kazimírová M (2022) New challenges posed by ticks and tick-borne diseases. Biologia, 77 (6): 1497-501.Doi:10.1007/s11756-022-01097-5.
78. Abdigodarzi GM, Belgheyszadeh H, Shariati N.Tick paralysis in human; a case report. Iran. J Clin Infect Dis. 2006; 1(3):159-60
79. Dehghani RO, Mohegh S, Moalemi A, Zamini GH. Tick-biting of the Hyalomma spp. as a vector of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF): Case report. Mil Med . 2019;10(21):109-114.
80. Sharifi K, Mohammadi GR, Tafti AK. Outbreak of tick paralysis in a nomadic sheep flock in Iran. Vet Rec. 2003; 153:631-32. Doi:10.1136/vr.153.20.631. PMID: 14653345.
81. Santibáñez-López CE, Ontano AZ, Harvey MS, Sharma PP. Transcriptomic analysis of pseudoscorpion venom reveals a unique cocktail dominated by enzymes and protease inhibitors. Toxins. 2018; 10:207
82. Murienne J, Harvey MS, Giribet G. First molecular phylogeny of the major clades of Pseudoscorpiones (Arthropoda: Chelicerata). Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2008;49 b(1):170-184.
Doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.06.002.
83. Santos dos WF, Coutinho-Netto J. Effects of the Paratemnus elongatus pseudoscorpion venom in the uptake and binding of the L-glutamate and GABA from rat cerebral cortex. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 2006; 20:27–34.
84. Krämer J, Pohl H, Predel R. Venom collection and analysis in the pseudoscorpion Chelifer cancroides (Pseudoscorpiones: Cheliferidae). Toxicon. 2019;162:15-23. Doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.02.009.
85. Cokendolpher J, Zamani A, Snegovaya NY. Overview of arachnids and Arachnology in Iran. JIBS (Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics). 2019;10;5(4):301-67.
86. Zamani M, Shoushtari RV, Kahrarian M, Nassirkhani M. New pseudoscorpion records (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Lorestan province, western Iran, with redescriptions of Olpium lindbergi (Olpiidae) and Geogarypus shulovi (Geogarypidae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen: Arachnology Letters. 2019;57(1):77-83.
87. Zamani M, Shoushtari RV, Kahrarian M, Nassirkhani M. A new pseudoscorpion species of the genus Chthonius CL Koch (Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from western Iran. J Entomol Res. 2021;12(4):38-46.
88. Nassirkhani M, Zamani A. Description of a new pseudoscorpion, Parolpium litoreum sp. n. (Pseudoscorpiones: Olpiidae) from southern Islands of Iran. Parolpium litoreum sp. Arthropoda Selecta. 2018; 27(4):325–329.
89. Latifi Z, Nassirkhani M, Mirshamsi O. A new epigean pseudoscorpion species (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) from northeast of Iran, with an identification key to the species of the family Neobisiidae from Iran. Turk J Zool. 2020 ;18;44(3):230-37.
90. Harvey MS (2002) The neglected cousins: what do we know about the smaller arachnid orders? J Arachnol 30: 357-72
91. van der Meijden A, Langer F, Boistel R, Vagovic P, Heethoff M. Functional morphology and bite performance of raptorial chelicerae of camel spiders (Solifugae). J. Exp. Biol. 2012;215(19): 3411-418. Doi:10.1242/jeb.072926.
92.Martins EG, Bonato V, Machado G, Pinto-da-Rocha R, Rocha LS. Description and ecology of a new species of sun spider (Arachnida: Solifugae) from the Brazilian Cerrado. J Nat Hist. 2004 ;10;38(18):2361-75.
93. Xavier E, Rocha LS. Autoecology and description of Mummucia mauryi (Solifugae, Mummuciidae), a new solifuge from Brazilian semi-arid caatinga. J Arachnol. 2001;29(2):127-34.
94. Cushing PE, Casto P, Knowlton ED, Royer S, Laudier D, Gaffin DD, Prendini L, Brookhart JO. Comparative morphology and functional significance of setae called papillae on the pedipalps of male camel spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae). Ann Entomol Soc Am. 2014 ;107(2):510-20.
95. Cushing PE, Casto P. Preliminary survey of the setal and sensory structures on the pedipalps of camel spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae). J Arachnol. 2012;23;40(1):123-27.
96. Van der Meijden A, Langer F, Boistel R, Vagovic P, Heethoff M. Functional morphology and bite performance of raptorial chelicerae of camel spiders (Solifugae). J Exp Biol. 2012; 1;215(19):3411-418.
97. Firoozfar F, Norjah N, Baniardalani M, Moosa-Kazemi H. knowledge, attitudes and practices study in relation to entomophobia and its application in vector-borne-diseases. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012; 2(2): S1135-S1137.Doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60373-6.
98. Dehghani R. Solpugidophobia in Iran: Real or illusion. J Biol Today's World. 2017; 6(3):46-8. Doi:10.15412/J.JBTW.01060302
99. Harvey MS. The neglected cousins: what do we know about the smaller arachnid orders? J. Arachnol. 2002;30:357-72.
100. Brookhart JO, Brookhart IP. An annotated checklist of continental North American Solifugae with type depositories, abundance, and notes on their zoogeography. J Arachnol. 2006;34(2):299-330.
101. Ballesteros JA, Francke OF. A new species of sun-spider from sand dunes in Coahuila, Mexico (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae). Zootaxa. 2008;1665:61-8.
102. Catenazzi A, Brookhart JO, Cushing PE. Natural history of coastal Peruvian solifuges with a redescription of Chinchippus peruvianus and an additional new species (Arachnida, Solifugae, Ammotrechidae). J Arachnol. 2009;37(2):151-59.
103. Aruchami M, Sundara Rajulu G. An investigation on the poison glands and the nature of the venom of Rhagodes nigrocinctus (Solifugae: Arachnida). Nat Acad Sci Letters (India). 1978; 1: 191–192.
104. Maddahi H, Kami HG, Aliabadian M, Mirshamsi O. Redescription of Rhagodes eylandti (Walter, 1889) (Arachnida: Solifugae) with notes on its morphological variation and geographic distribution. Zool Middle East. 2015;61(3):278-84.
105. Maddahi H, Khazanehdari M, Aliabadian M, Kami HG, Mirshamsi A, Mirshamsi O. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of camel spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae) from Iran. Mitochondrial DNA Part A. 2016 ;28(6):909-19.
106. Khazanehdari M, Mirshamsi O, Aliabadian M. Contribution to the solpugid (Arachnida: Solifugae) fauna of Iran. Turk J Zool. 2016;9;40(4):608-14.
107. Dehghani R, Kassiri H, Mazaheri-Tehrani A, Hesam M, Yaselyani N, Akbarzadeh F. A preliminary study on fauna of medical important solpugid (Chelicerata: Arachnida: Solifugae) in Kashan City, Central Iran. Biomed Res. 2019;30(1):67-71.Doi:10.35841/biomedicalresearch.30-18-1191.
108. Gromov AV. Solpugids of the genus Eusimonia Kraepelin, 1899 (Arachnida: Solifugae, Karschiidae) of Central Asia. Ekol Bratislava. 2000 ;19(3):79-86.
109. Halil KO. New record of Gylippus (Paragylippus) monoceros werner, 1905 (Solifugae: Gylippidae) in Western Anatolia, Turkey. Biharean Biol. 2011;5(2):119-22.
110. Pandram B, Sharma VK. The first report of the Solifugae (family: Galeodidae, Sundvell 1833) from Madhya Pradesh, India. J Entomol Zool Stud. 2015; 3(1):75-77.
111. Karataş A, Münir UÇ. A new Barrussus Roewer, 1928 (Solifugae: Karschiidae) from southern Turkey. Turk J Zool. 2013;37(5):594-600.
112. Golovatch S, Spelda J, Wytwer J. The millipede subgenus Persebrachyiulus Golovatch, 1983, genus Megaphyllum Verhoeff, 1894, with the description of a new species from Israel and Cyprus (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae). Annales. Zoologici Sciences .2004;54(4):677-85
113. Mehrafrooz Mayvan M, Shayanmehr M. A study on faunestic, and biodiversity and population dynamics of edaphic Millipedes (Diplopoda) during different seasons in Semeskandeh forests, Mazandaran Province, Iran. Journal of plant protection. 2015;29(1):113-22. Doi: 10.22067/jpp.v29i1.32921.
114. Reboleira AS, Hosseini MJ, Sadeghi S, Enghoff H. Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes-a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites. Eur J Taxon. 2015;146:1-18. Doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2015.146
115. Mohammadi J, Faramarzi H, Soltani A. Mass infestation of a rural residential area with millipede larvae: A case report. JHSSS. 2019;7(1):48-50.
116. Rojas-Gómez OF, Delgado-Ortiz N, Zamora-Suarez A, Mondragón-Cardona ÁE, Escobar-Montealegre F Jiménez-Canizales CE. Painful violaceous pigmentation, a clinical challenge and diagnostic approach in a tropical country. Acat. Medica. Persuana.2022; 39(2) Doi:10.35663/amp.2022.392.2307.
117. De Capitani EM, Vieira RJ, Bucaretchi F, Fernandes LC, Toledo AS, Camargo AC. Human accidents involving Rhinocricus spp., a common millipede genus observed in urban areas of Brazil. Clin Toxicol. 2011;49(3):187-90.
118. Shpall S, Frieden I. Mahogany discoloration of the skin due to the defensive secretion of a millipede. Pediatr Dermatol. 1991;8 (1):25–27.
119. Dar NR, Raza N, Rehman SB. Millipede burn at an unusual site mimicking child abuse in an 8-year-old girl. Clin Pediatr. 2008; 47(5):490-92.
120. Lima CA, Cardoso JL, Magela A, de Oliveira FG, Talhari S, Haddad Junior V. Exogenous pigmentation in toes feigning ischemia of the extremities: a diagnostic challenge brought by arthropods of the Diplopoda Class ("millipedes"). An Bras Dermatol. 2010;85(3):391-92.Doi:10.1590/s0365-05962010000300018.
121. Hudson BJ, Parsons GA. Giant millipede burns and the eye. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1997;91(2):183-85. Doi:10.1016/S0035-9203(97)90217-0.
122. Zarei R, Rahimian H, Mirmonsef H, Bonato L. Geophilomorpha from Alborz Mountains and a checklist of Chilopoda from Iran. Zootaxa 4780 (1). 2020; 22(1);132-46. Doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4780.1.6.
.123 Zarei R, Rahimian H, Bonato L. Morphology of a neglected large-sized species of Geophilus from Iran (Chilopoda: Geophilidae). Zootaxa. 2013 ;3736(5):486-500.
124. Vazirianzadeh B, Rahmanei AH, Moravvej SA. Two cases of chilopoda (centipede) biting in human from Ahwaz, Iran. Pak J Med Sci. 2007;23(6):956-58.
125. Serinken M, Erdur B, Sener S, Kabay B, Alper CA. A case of mortal necrotizing fasciitis of the Trunk resulting from a centipede (Scolopendra moritans) Bite. Internet J Emergency Med. 2004;2(2):1-5.
.126 Jenner RA, Von Reumont BM, Campbell LI, Undheim EAB. Parallel Evolution of Complex Centipede Venoms Revealed by Comparative Proteotranscriptomic Analyses. Mol Biol Evol. 2019;36(12):2748-2763.
127. Undheim EA, King GF. On the venom system of centipedes (Chilopoda), a neglected group of venomous animals. Toxicon. 2011;57(4):512-24.
128. Undheim EA, Fry BG, King GF. Centipede venom: recent discoveries and current state of knowledge. Toxins (Basel). 2015 ;7(3):679-704.
129. Nikbakhtzadeh MR, Akbarzadeh K, Tirgari S. Bioecology and chemical diversity of abdominal glands in the iranian samsum ant Pachycondyla sennaarensis (Formicidae: Ponerinae). J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis.2009; 15(3):509-26.
130. Vaziritabar S, Esmaeilzade SM (2018) Identification of differential defense reaction and tactic of Iranian honeybee Apis mellifera meda colonies under attack hornets Vespa orientalis and Vespa crabro in Iran. J Entomol Zool Studies. 2018; 6:102-11
131. Boord M. Venomous insect hypersensitivity. In: Noli C, Foster AP, Rosenkrantz W eds. Veterinary Allergy. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons;. 2014;191-94
132. Dehghani R, Mazaheri Tehrani A, Ghadami F, Sanaei-Zadeh H. A study on habitats and behavioral characteristics of hornet wasp (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespa orientalis), an important medical-health pest. Biomed Res. 2019; 30(1).Doi:10.35841/biomedicalresearch.30-18-1187.
133. Warrell DA. Venomous bites, stings, and poisoning: an update. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2019;33(1):17-38.
134. Hoffman DR. Hymenoptera venom allergens. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2006;30(2):109-28.
135. Ciszowski K, Mietka-Ciszowska A. Hymenoptera stings. Przeglad lekarski. 2007;64(4-5):282-89.
136. Vetter RS, Visscher PK, Camazine S. Mass envenomations by honey bees and wasps. West. J. Med. 1999;170(4):223-27.
137. Diaz JH. Recognition, management, and prevention of hymenopteran stings and allergic reactions in travelers. J Travel Med. 2009;16(5):357-64.
138. Viswanathan S, Prabhu C, Arulneyam J, Remalayam B, Adil M. Yellow jacket envenomation-related acute renal failure. NDT plus. 2011;4(3):167-69.
139. Zhang L, Yang Y, Tang Y, Zhao Y, Cao Y, Su B, Fu P. Recovery from AKI following multiple wasp stings: A case series. Clinic J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;8(11):1850-56.
140. Radhakrishnan H. Acute kidney injury and rhabdomyolysis due to multiple wasp stings. Indian J. Crit. Care Med. 2014 ;18(7):470.
141. Vikrant S, Parashar A. Two cases of acute kidney injury due to multiple wasp stings. Wild Enviro Med. 2017;28(3):249-52.
142. Ezhilnilavan S, Priyamvada PS, Srinivas BH, Satish H, Parameswaran S. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis following hymenopteran stings. Postgrad Med J. 2018;94(1113):418-20.
143. Shilpakar O, Rajbhandari B, Karki B, Bogati U. Multiple Organ Dysfunction and Acute Pancreatitis Following Wasp Stings. J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2020;18(3):566-68.
144. Ellis AK, Day JH. Clinical reactivity to insect stings. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;5(4):349-54.
145. Fernandez-Melendez S, Miranda A, Garcia-Gonzalez JJ, Barber D, Lombardero M. Anaphylaxis caused by imported red fire ant stings in Malaga, Spain. J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol. 2007;17(1):48-9.
146. More DR, Kohlmeier RE, Hoffman DR. Fatal anaphylaxis to indoor native fire ant stings in an infant. The Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2008;29(1):62-3.
147. Witharana EW, Wijesinghe SK, Pradeepa KS, Karunaratne WA, Jayasinghe S. Bee and wasp stings in Deniyaya; a series of 322 cases. Ceylon Med J. 2015;60(1).
148. Sedighi G, Dehghani R, Varzandeh M (2023) Toxic reaction of a 3-year-old boy due to Hornet multiple stings in Kerman-Iran province: A case report. Toxicon.2023; 221:106976. Doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106976.
149. Rafinejad J, Zareii A, Akbarzadeh K, Azad M, Biglaryan F, Doosti S, Sedaghat MM. Faunestic study of ants with emphasis on the health risk of stinging ants in Qeshm Island, Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2009;3(1):53-9.
150. Shiran E, Mossadegh MS, Esfandiari M. Mutualistic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) associated with aphids in central and southwestern parts of Iran. J Crop Prot.2013; 2(1):1-12
151. Buys S. Notes on the nesting behavior of the bee-hunting wasp Trachypus fulvipennis (Tachenberg, 1875) (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae). Bol. Mus. Biol. Mello Leitão, Nova Sér. 2016;38(2).133-138.
152. Cheng YN, Wen P, Dong SH, Tan K, Nieh JC. Poison and alarm: the Asian hornet Vespa velutina uses sting venom volatiles as an alarm pheromone. J Eexp Biol. 2017 Feb 15;220(4):645-51.
153. Dehghani R, Saberi HR, Bidgoli MS, Charkhloo E, Chimehi E, Mohammadzadeh N. Survey of museum beetle (Dermestes sp.) damage to the scorpion collection in the Health Faculty of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. J Entomol Res. 2018 42(2):295-300. Doi:10.5958/0974-4576.2018.00049.X.
154. Gu H, Han SM, Park KK (2020) Therapeutic effects of apamin as a bee venom component for non-neoplastic disease. Toxins (Basel). 2020;12(3):195. Doi:10.3390/toxins12030195.
155. Ebrahimi E, Carpenter JM. Distribution pattern of the hornets Vespa orientalis and V. crabro in Iran: (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zool Middle East. 2012;56(1):63-6.
156. Brothers DJ, Tschuch G, Burger F. Associations of mutillidae wasps (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) with eusocial insects. Insectes Soc. 2000; 47: 201-211. Doi: 10.1007/PL00001704.
157. Severino M, Bonadonna P, Passalacqua G. Large local reactions from stinging insects: from epidemiology to management. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009; 9:334-7.Doi: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e32832d0668.
158. Golden DB, Moffitt J, Nicklas RA, et al. Stinging insect hypersensitivity: a practice parameter update 2011. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(4):852-54.
159. Manley DG., Pitts JP. A key to genera and subgenera of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) in America north of Mexico with description of a new genus. J. Hymenopt res. 2002;11: 72-100.
160. Ljubomirov T, Ghahari H (2012) An annotated checklist of Mutillidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from Iran. Zootaxa 3449(1):1-25. Doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3449.1.1
161. Dehghani R, Kassiri H, Gharali B, Hoseindoost G, Chimehi E, Takhtfiroozeh S, Moameni M. Introducing of a new sting agent of velvet ant dentilla sp. (hymenoptera: Mutillidae) in Kashan, centerl of Iran (2014-2015). Arch Clin Infect Dis. 2018;13(6):e60553
162. Dehghani, R., Kassiri, H., Gharali, B., Hoseindoost, G., Chimehi, E., Takhtfiroozeh S, Moameni, M (2018e). Introducing of a new sting agent of velvet ant dentilla sp.(hymenoptera: Mutillidae) in Kashan, centerl of Iran (2014-2015). Arch Clin Infect Dis 13(6).
163. Abbasi R, Rad SP, Ebrahimi E, Sheidaei M. Faunistic study of vespid wasps in Zanjan Province (Northwest of Iran) with some ecological measures. Environ Sci. 2008;6(1):65-74
164. Rad SP, Abbasi R, Soleimani G, Dvořák L. New and supplementary information on the vespid fauna of Iran: (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zool Middle East. 2010;50(1):95-100.
165. Bagriaçik N, Samin N. A checklist of Iranian Vespinae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Vespidae). Arch Biol Sci. 2011;63(2):487-92.
166. Dvorák L, Ghahari H, Carpenter JM et al (2012) On the distribution and taxonomy of vespine wasps of Iran (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae). Acta Musei Morav Sci Biol 97(2):9-86
167. Ebrahimi E, Carpenter JM. Distribution pattern of the hornets vespa orientalis and v. crabro in iran: (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zool Middle East.2012; 56:63-66.Doi: 10.1080/09397140.2012.10648942.
168. Khoobdel M, Tavassoli M, Salari M, Firozi F. The stinging Apidae and Vespidae (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) in Iranian islands, Qeshm, Abu–Musa, Great Tunb and Lesser Tunb on the Persian Gulf. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed. 2014;4:S258-62.
169. Lelej AS, Brothers, DJ. The genus-group names of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) and their type species, with a new genus, new name, new synonymies, new combinations and lectotypifications. Zootaxa 1889. 2008 Oct;1-79. Doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.1889.1.1.
170. Lelej AS, Osten T. To the knowledge of the mutillid and bradynobaenid wasps of Iran (Hymenoptera: Mutililidae, Bradynobaenidae). Proceeding of the Russian Entomological Society, St. Petersburg. 2004;75(1): 253–262.
171. Lelej AS, Gharali B, Lotfalizadeh H. New Records of Velvet ants (Hymeneoptera: Mutillidae), from the west of Iran. Far Eastern Entomologist. 2008; 191:1–7.
172. Lin CJ, Wu CJ, Chen HH, Lin HC. Multiorgan failure following mass wasp stings. South Med J. 2011;104(5):378-79.
173. Turbyville JC, Dunford JC, Nelson MR. Hymenoptera of Afghanistan and the central command area of operations: assessing the threat to deployed US service members with insect venom hypersensitivity. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2013; 34(2):179-184.
174. Huxley T (2003) Provisional atlas of the British aquatic bugs (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Biol Rec Cent Huntingdon
175. Dehghani R, Zarghi I, Aboutalebi M, Barzegari Z, Ghanbari M. Fauna and habitat of aquatic arthropods of Kashan in 2010. Bangladesh J Med Sci. 2014;13(3):306-10. Doi:10.3329/bjms.v13i3.15448.
176. Toledo LF. Predation on seven South American anuran species by water bugs (Belostomatidae). Phyllomedusa: J Herpetol. 2003;2(2):105-8.
177. Jehamalar E, Chandra K. On a collection of aquatic and semi-aquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Chhattisgarh, India. Rec Zool Surv India. 2013; 113:183-195.
178. Adelman ZN, Miller DM, Myles KM. Bed bugs and infectious disease: a case for the arboviruses. PLoS pathogens. 2013;9(8): e1003462.
179. Gil-Santana H.R. A new species of Zeraikia Gil-Santana & Costa with taxonomic notes on Zeraikia novafriburguensis Gil-Santana & Costa (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Peiratinae). Zookeys. 2017; 716:105-126. Doi:10.3897/zookeys.716.20843.
180. Falamarzi S, Asadi G, Hosseini R. Species inventory, preys and host plants of Anthocoridae sensu lato (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in Shiraz and its environs (Iran, Fars province). Acta Entomol. Musei Natl Pragae. 2009;49(1):33-42. Doi:10.5281/zenodo.5319171
181. Kampen H, Werner D. Human-biting potential of the predatory flower bug Orius majusculus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Parasitol Res. 2011;108(6):1579-81.
182. Moulet P. Oncocephalus ribesi nov. sp., a new Stenopodainae (Hemiptera : Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from Iran. Heteropterus Rev Entomol. 2011; 11:305-309
183. Faundez EI. A case of biting humans by Nabis americoferus (Heteroptera: Nabidae), with comments on bites by other species of the genus Nabis in the United States. J Med Entomol. 2016;53:230-232.
184. Pereira dos Santos CE, de Souza JR, Zanette RA, da Silva FJ, Strussmann C. Bite Caused by lhe Assassin Bug Zelus Fabricius, 1803 (Hemiptera; Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in a Human. Wilderness Environ. Med. 2019;30(1):63-65. Doi:10.1016/j.wem.2018.10.002.
185. Dioli P, Moulet P, Ghahari H. New genus and species record of Sphedanolestes annulatus Linnavuori (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) for Iran and Jordan. Heteroptera Poloniae – Acta Faunistic. 2020;14:213–215. Doi:10.5281/zenodo.4307848.
186. Haddad V, Cardoso JL, Moraes RH. Skin lesions caused by stink bugs (Insecta: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): first report of dermatological injuries in humans. Wild Environ Med. 2002;13(1):48-50.
187. Kment P, Jindra Z.New records of Eurydema fieberi from the Czech Republic with corrections to some previously published records of Palaearctic Eurydema species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae ). Acta Mus. Morav. Sci. 2008;93:11-27
188. Eliyahu D, Ceballos RA, Saeidi V, Becerra JX. Synergy versus potency in the defensive secretions from nymphs of two pentatomomorphan families (Hemiptera: Coreidae and Pentatomidae). J Chem Ecol. 2012;38(11):1358-65. Doi: 10.1007/s10886-012-0200-0.
189. Doughty HB, Wilson JM, Schultz PB, Kuhar TP. Squash bug (Hemiptera: Coreidae): Biology and management in cucurbitaceous crops. J Integr Pest Manag.2016; 7(1): 1–8. Doi:10.1093/jipm/pmv024
190. Hornok S, Kontschán J. The western conifer seed bug (Hemiptera: Coreidae) has the potential to bite humans. J Med Entomol. 2017 ;54(4):1073-5.
191. Faúndez EI. From agricultural to household pest: The case of the painted bug Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister)(Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Chile. J Med Entomol. 2018;55(5):1365-8.
192. Zhao P, Mao R, Cao L. Two new and one little-known damsel bug of the subfamily Prostemmatinae Reuter (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nabidae) from China. Zookeys.2019; 845:139–152. Doi:10.3897/zookeys.845.32893.
193. Benbow ME, Williamson H, Kimbirauskas R, McIntosh MD, Kolar R, Quaye C, Akpabey F, Boakye D, Small P, Merritt RW. Aquatic invertebrates as unlikely vectors of Buruli ulcer disease. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14(8):1247-54. Doi: 10.3201/eid1408.071503.
194. Diaz JH. Scuba-diving bugs can inflict envenoming bites in swimming pools, lakes, and ponds. Wild Environ Med. 2016 ;27(1):165-67.
195. Faúndez EI. A case of biting humans by Nabis americoferus (Heteroptera: Nabidae), with comments on bites by other species of the genus Nabis in the United States. J Med Entomol. 2016;53(1):230-2. Doi: 10.1093/jme/tjv155.
196. Nieser N. Guide to aquatic Heteroptera of Singapore and peninsular Malaysia III. Pleidae and Notonectidae. Raffles Bull Zool. 2004; 52:79-96.
197. Hazarika R, Goswami MM. Aquatic Hemiptera of Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India. J Threat Taxa. 2010; 2:778-82. Doi: 10.11609/jott.o2315.778-82.
198. Figueiredo-de-Andrade CA, Santana DJ, de Carvalho-e-Silva SP. Predation on Scinax x-signatus (Anura: Hylidae) by the giant water bug Lethocerus annulipes (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) in a Brazilian Restinga habitat. Herpetology Notes. 2010 ;3(1):53-54.
199. Haddad Jr V, Schwartz EF, Schwartz CA, Carvalho LN. Bites caused by giant water bugs belonging to Belostomatidae family (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) in humans: A report of seven cases. Wild Environ Med. 2010;21(2):130-33.
200. Walker AA, Hernández-Vargas MJ, Corzo G, Fry BG, King GF. Giant fish-killing water bug reveals ancient and dynamic venom evolution in Heteroptera. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2018 ;75(17):3215-29.
201. Dehghani R, Miranzadeh MB, Yosefzadeh M, Zamani S. Fauna aquatic insects in sewage maturation ponds of Kashan University of Medical Science 2005. Pakistan J Biol Sci . 2007;10:928-931.Doi:10.3923/pjbs.2007.928.931.
202. Dehghani R, Atharizadeh M, Kazemi Moghadam V, Hadei M.Study on biting bugs encountered in the aquatic environments in Kashan, Isfahan Province, Iran. J Coast Life Med. 2016; 4(11):852-855. Doi:10.12980/jclm.4.2016j6-182.
203. Ghosh A, Chandra G. Functional responses of Laccotrephes griseus (Hemiptera: Nepidae) against Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in laboratory bioassay. J vector borne dis. 2011;48(2):72-77.
204. Kour R, Tara JS, Sharma S, Kotwal S. Life cycle and laboratory rearing of Laccotrephes maculates (Hemiptera: Nepidae) from Jammu (J&K, India). Mun Ent Zool. 2013; 8:790-95.
205. Polhemus Da, Polhemus Jt. Guide to the aquatic heteroptera of Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia. X. Infraorder nepomorpha famlies belostomatidae and nepidae. Raffles Bull Zool. 2013;61(1):25-45
206. Havemann N, Gossner MM, Hendrich L, Morinière J, Niedringhaus R, Schäfer P, Raupach MJ. From water striders to water bugs: The molecular diversity of aquatic Heteroptera (Gerromorpha, Nepomorpha) of Germany based on DNA barcodes. PeerJ. 6: e4577. 2018. Doi:10.7717/peerj.4577.
207. Walker AA, Weirauch C, Fry BG, King GF.Venoms of heteropteran insects: a treasure trove of diverse pharmacological toolkits. Toxins.2016; 8(2):43.Doi:10.3390/toxins8020043.
208. Faraji A, PashaieRad S, Shayestehfar A. Taxonomic study of blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) in Arak County, Iran. Exp Anim Biol. 2012; 1(1): 50-62.
209. Rees DP. Coleoptera. Integrated management of insects in stored products. CRC Press. 2018;1-39. Doi:10.1201/9780203750612.
210. Singh G, Yousuf Ali S. Paederus dermatitis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol and Leprol. 2007;73(1):13.
211. Samin N, Zhou H, Ezzatpanah S. A contribution to the Staphylinine group of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinoidea: Staphylinidae) from Iran. Calodema. 2011; 141:1-9.
212. Kassiri H, Dehghani R, Karami S, Kamiabi F . Blistering Paederus dermatitis caused by medically important beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae): A review. Journal of Entomological Research.2020; 45(suppl):1118-1123
213. Nikbakhtzadeh MR, Tirgari S. Medically important beetles (insecta: coleoptera) of Iran. J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis. 2008; 14:597-618.
214. Nikbakhtzadeh M, Naderi M, Safa P. Faunal diversity of Paederus Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Iran. Insecta mundia J world insect Syst. 2012; 1-9
215. Gnanaraj P, Venugopal V, Mozhi MK, Pandurangan CN. An outbreak of Paederus dermatitis in a suburban hospital in South India: a report of 123 cases and review of literature. J Am Aca Dermatol. 2007;57(2):297-300.
216.Ghahari H, Anlas S, Sakenin H, Ostovan H, Tabari M. A contribution to the rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinoidea: Staphylinidae) of Iranian rice fields and surrounding grasslands. Linz Biol Beitr. 2009;41(2):1959-68.
217. Ghahari H, Anlas S, Sakenin H, Ostovan H, Havaskary M. Biodiversity of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinoidea: Staphylinidae) from the Arasbaran biosphere reserve and vicinity, northwestern Iran. Linz Biol Beitr. 2009;41(2):1949-58.
218. Gaffari D, Parizi MH, Afshar AA, Tirgari S. Comparative repellency effect of three plant extracts on Paederus beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), the cause of linear dermatitis in Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2016;6(3):221-24.
219. Dehghani R, Talaee R, Chaharbaghi F, Chaharbaghi N, Firouzi M.Paederus dermatitis: A case report and review. Dermatology & Cosmetic.2014; 5(3):151-59 (Paper in Persian).
220. Nikbakhtzadeh MR, Ebramihi B. Detection of cantharidin-related compounds in Mylabris impressa (Coleoptera: Meloidae). J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis. 2007; 13:686-93.
221. Serri S, Pan Z, Bologna MA.A new Mylabris species from south-eastern Iran and a key to the iranian species of the nominate subgenus (Coleoptera, Meloidae). Zookeys .2012; 219:81-86. Doi:10.3897/zookeys.219.3674
222. Moslemi R, Pashai Rad S. An identification guide to meloid beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) of Markazi province. J Anim Res (Iranian Journal of Biology). 2015;28(1):105-15.
223. Nezhad-Ghaderi SS, Nozari J, Badoei Dalfard A, Hosseini Naveh V. List of species of blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) in Kerman province, Iran. J Insect Biodivers Syst. 2021 ;7(1):1-3.
224. Bologna MA, Pinto JD, Phylogenetic studies of Meloidae (Coleoptera), with emphasis on the evolution of Phoresy. Systematic Entomolog. 2001;26(1):33-72.Doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3113.2001. 00132.x.
225. Fekrat L, Modaress Awal M. A contribution to the knowledge of Meloidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) fauna of Northeastern Iran. J Crop Prot. 2012;1(4):303-11.
226. Abtahi SM, Nikbakhtzadeh MR, Vatandoost H, Mehdinia A, Foroshani AR, Shayeghi M. Quantitative characterization of cantharidin in the false blister beetle, Oedemera podagrariae ventralis, of the southern slopes of Mount Elborz, Iran. J Insect Sci. 2012;12(152):1-5.Doi:10.1673/031.012.15201.
227. Mizota K. Additional records on dermatitis caused by three oedemerid species (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae). Med Entomol Zool. 2001;52(1):63-6.
228. Russell RC, Otranto D, Wall RL. Beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae, Oedemeridae, Staphylinidae and others). The encyclopaedia of Med Vet Entomol. 2013:41-5.
229. Kerimova I, Huseynova E. Species composition of chortobiont beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae, Lampyridae, Cantharidae, Oedemeridae) less studied in Azerbaijan. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Derg.2014; 15:1-8.
230. Ghahari H, Háva J. A checklist of the Dermestidae (Coleoptera: Bostrichoidea) of Iran. The Coleopt Bull. 2017 ;71(3):612-26.
231. Zhantiev RD. Ecology and classification of dermestid beetles (Coleoptera, Dermestidae) of the Palaearctic fauna. Entomol Rev. 2009;89(2):157-74.
232. Ruzzier E, Kadej M, Di Giulio A, Battisti A. Entangling the Enemy: Ecological, systematic, and medical implications of dermestid Beetle Hastisetae. Insects. 2021;12(5):436
233. Battisti, A.; Holm, G.; Fagrell, B.; Larsson, S. Urticating hairs in arthropods: Their nature and medical significance. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2011;56, 203–220.Doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120709-144844.
234. Hoverson K, Wohltmann WE, Pollack RJ, Schissel DJ. Dermestid Dermatitis in a 2-Year-Old Girl: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Pediatr Dermatol . 2015;32: e228-e233. Doi:10.1111/pde.12641.
235. Poinar GO, Jr, Poinar R. Ancient hastisetae of Cretaceous carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) in Myanmar amber. Arthropod Struct Dev. 2016;45(6):642–645.Doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2016.10.012.
236. Gottschling S, Meyer S, Dill-Mueller D, Wurm D, Gortner L. Outbreak report of airborne caterpillar dermatitis in a kindergarten. Dermatology.2007; 215:5-9. Doi:10.1159/000102027.
237. Schowalter TD, Ring DR (2017) Biology and management of the buck moth, Hemileuca maia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). J Integr Pest Manag 8:4. Doi:10.1093/jipm/pmw017.
238. Mitpuangchon N, Nualcharoen K, Boonrotpong S, Engsontia P. Identification of Novel Toxin Genes from the Stinging Nettle Caterpillar Parasa lepida (Cramer, 1799): Insights into the Evolution of Lepidoptera Toxins. Insects. 2021;12(5):396.
239. Walker AA, Robinson SD, Paluzzi JV, Merritt DJ, Nixon SA, Schroeder CI, et al. Production, composition, and mode of action of the painful defensive venom produced by a limacodid caterpillar, Doratifera vulnerans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 ;118(18): e2023815118.
240. Zolotuhin VV, Zahiri R. The Lasiocampidae of Iran (Lepidoptera). Zootaxa. 2008;1791(1):1-52.
241. Behroozi E, Izadi H, Samih MA, Moharamipour S. Physiological strategy in overwintering larvae of pistachio white leaf borer, Ocneria terebinthina Strg. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Rafsanjan, Iran. Ital J Zool. 2012 ;79(1):44-9.
242. Karimpour Y. Notes on life history, host plants and parasitoids of Malacosoma castrensis L. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) in Urmia region. Iran. Biharean Biologist. 2018 ;12(2): e171209.
243. Branco MM, Borrasca-Fernandes CF, Prado CC, Galvão TF, Silva MT, Mello De Capitani E, Hyslop S, Bucaretchi F. Management of severe pain after dermal contact with caterpillars (erucism): a prospective case series. Clin Toxicol. 2019;57(5):338-42.
244. Yao Z, Kamau PM, Han Y, Hu J, Luo A, Luo L, Zheng J, Tian Y, Lai R. The Latoia consocia caterpillar induces pain by targeting nociceptive Ion channel TRPV1. Toxins. 2019 ; 11(12):695.
245. Seldeslachts A, Peigneur S, Tytgat J. Caterpillar Venom: A Health Hazard of the 21st Century. Biomedicines. 2020 ;8(6):143. Doi: 10.3390/biomedicines8060143.
246. Rasti S, Dehghani R, Khaledi HN, Takhtfiroozeh SM, Chimehi E. Uncommon human urinary tract myiasis due to Psychoda sp. Larvae, Kashan, Iran: A case report. Iran J Parasitol. 2016 ;11(3):417.
247. Courtney GW, Pape T, Skevington JH, Sinclair BJ. Biodiversity of Diptera. Insect biodiversity: science and society. 2017; 1:229-78.Doi:10.1002/9781118945568.ch9.
248. Alikhan M, Al Ghamdi K, Mahyoub JA, Alanazi N. Public health and veterinary important flies (order: Diptera) prevalent in Jeddah Saudi Arabia with their dominant characteristics and identification key. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2018 ;25(8):1648-63.
249. Azari-Hamidian S, Norouzi B, Harbach RE. A detailed review of the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and their medical and veterinary importance. Acta tropica. 20191;194:106-22.
250. Tabatabaei F, Azarmi S, Abbaszadeh Afshar MJ, Yarizadeh H, Mohtasebi S. Blackfly fever and dermatitis caused by Simulium kiritshenkoi: a human case report in Iran. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2020; 20:348. Doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05070-y.
251. Youssefi M, Aminpour A, Arabkhazaeli F.Dermatitis caused by Simulium (blackflies) bite. Iran J Parasitol 2008;3(3):48–53.
252. Adler PH, McCreadie JW. Black Flies (Simuliidae). Medical and Veterinary Entomology: Elsevier. 2019; 237–59. Doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-814043-7.00014-5.
253. Khazeni A, Adler PH, Telmadareiiy Z, Oshaghi MA, Vatandoost H, Abtahi SM, et al.. The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Iran. Zootaxa. 2013; 3694:67–74. Doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3694.1.5
254. Wall RL, Shearer D. Textbook of Veterinary ectoparasites: biology, pathology and control. Second Edition ed: John Wiley & Sons; 2008;. 104–6.
255. Dehghani R, Zarghi I, Sayyedi HR (2014b) Genital myiasis of a sheep by Wohlfahrtia magnifica, in Ghamsar, Kashan, Iran. Bangladesh J Med Sci. 2014; 13:332-335. Doi:10.3329/bjms.v13i3.15451.
256. Dehghani R, Hoseindoost G, Bidgoli NS, Zamani M, Ghadami F. Study on pests of residential complex and student dormitories of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran J Entomol Res. 2017;41(3):311-316.Doi:10.5958/0974-4576.2017.00050.0.
257. Dehghani R, Kassiri H. A review on epidemiology of dengue viral infection as an emerging disease. Res J Pharm Technol.2021;14(4):2296-2301.Doi:10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00406.
258. Asgarian TS, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Sedaghat MM, Dehghani R, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR. Fauna and Larval Habitat Characteristics of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kashan County, Central Iran, 2019. J Arthropod-Borne Dis. 2021;15(1):69-81.
259. Walker AA, Dobson J, Jin J, Robinson SD, Herzig V, Vetter I, King GF, Fry BG. Buzz kill: Function and proteomic composition of venom from the giant assassin fly Dolopus genitalis (Diptera: Asilidae). Toxins. 2018;10(11):456. Doi: 10.3390/toxins10110456.
260. Drukewitz SH, Fuhrmann N, Undheim EA, Blanke A, Giribaldi J, Mary R, Laconde G, Dutertre S, Von Reumont BM. A dipteran’s novel sucker punch: Evolution of arthropod atypical venom with a neurotoxic component in robber flies (Asilidae, Diptera). Toxins. 2018;10(1):29.
261. Walker AA, Dobson J, Jin J, Robinson SD, Herzig V, Vetter I, King GF, Fry BG. Buzz kill: Function and proteomic composition of venom from the giant assassin fly Dolopus genitalis (Diptera: Asilidae). Toxins (Basel).2018; 10(11):456. Doi:10.3390/toxins10110456.
262. Cohen CM, Cole TJ, Brewer MS. Pick your poison: molecular evolution of venom proteins in asilidae (Insecta: Diptera). Toxins. 2020 ;12(12):738.
263. Lehr PA, Ghahari H, Ostovan H. A contribution to the robber flies of subfamilies Stenopogoninae and Asilidae (Diptera: Asilidae) from Iran. Far East Entomol. 2007;173(1.14).
264. Baldacchino F, Desquesnes M, Mihok S, Foil LD, Duvallet G, Jittapalapong S. Tabanids: Neglected subjects of research, but important vectors of disease agents! Infect. Genet Evol. 2014. 28:596-615. Doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2014.03.029.
265. Ghahari H, Lehr PA, Lavigne RJ, Hayat R, Ostovan H. New records of robber flies (Diptera, Asilidae) for the Iranian fauna with their prey records. Far East Entomol. 2007; 179:1-9.
266. Samin N, Sakenin H, Imani S, Shojai M. A contribution to the knowledge of robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) from Tehran province and vicinity, Iran. J Biol Control. 2010 ;24(1):42-6.
267. Von Reumont BM, Campbell LI, Jenner RA. Quo vadis venomics? A roadmap to neglected venomous invertebrates. Toxins. 2014;6(12):3488-3551. Doi:10.3390/toxins6123488.
268. Mc Donnell RJ, Paine TD, Gormally MJ .Trail-following behaviour in the malacophagous larvae of the aquatic sciomyzid flies Sepedon spinipes spinipes and Dictya montana. J Insect Behav. 2007; 20:367-376. Doi:10.1007/s10905-007-9083-2
269. Kazerani F, Talebi A, Mortelmans J. Taxonomic study of the marsh flies (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) in Iran. J Insect Biodivers Syst.2017; 3(2):105-117.
270. Skuhrava M, Karimpour Y, Sadeghi H, Gol A, Joghataie M. Gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Iran-annotated list and zoogeographical analysis. Acta Soc Zool Bohemicae. 2014; 78:269-301.
271. Schmid RB, Knutson A, Giles KL, McCornack BP. Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) biology and management in wheat. J. Integr. Pest Manag. 2018; 9(1): 1–12. Doi: 10.1093/jipm/pmy008.
272. Aspöck U, Plant JD, Nemeschkal HL. Cladistic analysis of Neuroptera and their systematic position within Neuropterida (Insecta: Holometabola: Neuropterida: Neuroptera). Syst Entomol. 2001 ;26(1):73-86.
273. Farji-Brener AG. Microhabitat selection by antlion larvae, Myrmeleon crudelis: effect of soil particle size on pit-trap design and prey capture. J Insect Behav. 2003;16(6):783-96.
274. Scharf I, Ovadia O. Factors influencing site abandonment and site selection in a sit-and-wait predator: a review of pit-building antlion larvae. J Insect Behav. 2006;19(2):197-218.
275. Day MD, Zalucki MP. Effect of density on spatial distribution, pit formation and pit diameter of Myrmeleon acer Walker, (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae): patterns and processes. Austral Ecol. 2000;25(1):58-64.
276. Stange LA. A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Mem Am Entomo Inst. 2004; 74:1-565.
277. Badano D, Pantaleoni RA. The larvae of European Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Zootaxa. 2014;3762(1):1-71.
278. Hawkeswood TJ. Effects of envenomation to a human finger and arm by the larva of an unidentified species of Myrmeleon (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Calodema. 2006; 7:32-3.
279. Mirmoayedi A, Kahrizi D, Pani S, Yari K. Molecular genetic diversity within Myrmeleontidae family. Mol Biol Rep. 2013 ;40(1):639-43.
280. Mirmoayedi AL, Krivokhatsky VA, Dobosz RO. Annotated check-list of the antlions of Iran (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Acta Entomol Silesiana. 2015;23:153-68.
281. Hajiesmaeilian A, Shoushtari RV, Mozaffarian F, Ebrahimi E. Tribe Myrmeleontini (Neuroptera: Planipennia: Myrmeleontidae) in Iran. Zootaxa. 2020;4751(1):153-60. Doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4751.1.9.
282. Redd JT, Voorhees RE, Török TJ. Outbreak of lepidopterism at a Boy Scout camp. J Am Aca Dermatol. 2007 ;56(6):952-5.
283. Bonifazi F, Jutel M, Biló BM, Birnbaum J, Muller U. EACCI Interest Group on Insect Venom Hypersensitivity. Prevention and treatment of Hymenoptera venom allergy: guidelines for clinical practice. Allergy. 2005 60(12):1459-1470.
284. Boyle RJ, Elremeli M, Hockenhull J, Cherry MG, Bulsara MK, Daniels M, Elberink JO. Venom immunotherapy for preventing allergic reactions to insect stings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012; 10. Art. No.: CD008838. Doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008838
285. Rueff F, Przybilla B, Bilo MB, Müller U, Scheipl F, Seitz MJ, et al. Clinical Effectiveness of Hymenoptera Venom Immunotherapy: A Prospective Observational Multicenter Study of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Interest Group on Insect Venom Hypersensitivity. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e63233. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063233.
286. Dehghani R, Kassiri H, Dehghani M. A brief review on biting/stinging of animals and its risk of infection. Arch Clin Infect Dis. 2020;15(1):e97499. DOI:10.5812/archcid.97499.
287. Radmanesh M (1998) Cutaneous manifestations of the Hemiscorpius lepturus sting:a clinical study. Int J Dermatol 37(7):500–7..
288. Sanaei-Zadeh H. Spider bite in Iran. Electron Physician 2017; 9(7):4703-07. Doi:10.19082/4703.
289. Ersoy S, Yilmaz F, Sonmez BM, Kara AY, Guclu A.A case of acute myocarditis and rhabdomyolysis after a scorpion sting. J Emerg Med Case Rep. 2017; 8:10–2. Doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011219.
290. Lonati D, Locatelli CA, Moro G, Catalano O (2017) Cardiac magnetic resonance study of scorpion toxic myocarditis. QJM-An Int J Med.2017; 110(2):113–4. Doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcw210.
291. Bompelli N, Reddy CR, Deshpande A .Scorpion bite-induced unilateral pulmonary oedema. BMJ Case Rep. 2018; 2018:bcr2018224476.Doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-224476
292. Zare MA. Hemiscorpius lepturus envenomation: manifestations and management with specific antivenom. Arch Razi Inst.2012; 68(2):91–99.
293. Dehghani R, Fathi B. Scorpion sting in Iran: a review. Toxicon. 2012; 60(5):919-33. Doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.06.002.
294. Jalali A, Rahim F.Epidemiological review of scorpion envenomation in Iran. Iran. J Pharm Res. 2014; 13:743
295. Oukkache N, Rusmili MR, Othman I, Ghalim N, Chgoury F, Boussadda L, Elmdaghri N, Sabatier JM. Comparison of the neurotoxic and myotoxic effects of two Moroccan scorpion venoms and their neutralization by experimental polyclonal antivenom. Life Sci . 2015;124:1-7. Doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.12.031.
296. Shahi M, Rafinejad J, Az-Khosravi L, Moosavy SH. First report of death due to Hemiscorpius acanthocercus envenomation in Iran: Case report. Electron Physician. 2015; 7(5):1234.
297. Celik E, Caglar A, Celik SF.Clinical effects and predictive factors affecting the clinical severity of scorpion envenomations in Western Turkey. J Trop Pediatr, 2021; 67(3):11. Doi:10.1093/ tropej/fmab053.
298. Ghafourian M, Ganjalikhanhakemi N, Hemmati AA, Dehghani R, Kooti W (2016) The effect of Hemiscorpius lepturus (Scorpionida: Hemiscorpiidae) venom on leukocytes and the leukocyte subgroups in peripheral blood of rat. J Arthropod Borne Dis 10:159–67.
299. Shayesteh AA, Zamiri N, Peymani P, Zargani FJ, Lankarani KB . A novel management method for disseminated intravascular coagulation like syndrome after a sting of Hemiscorpius lepturus: a case series. Trop Biomed. 2011;28(3):518–23.
300. Dehghani, R., Kamiabi, F. Mohammadi, M. Scorpionism by Hemiscorpius spp. in Iran: a review. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis.2018; 24(8):1-10. Doi:10.1186/s40409-018-0145-z.
301. D’sa SR, Peter JV, Chacko B, Pichamuthu K, Sathyendra S .Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) rescuetherapy for refractory cardiogenic shock due to scorpion sting envenomation. Clin Toxicol. 2016;54(2):155–57. Doi:10.3109/15563650.2015.1116043.
302. Pradeep YKL, Bhogaraju VK, Pathania M, Rathaur VK, Kant R. Uncommon presentation of scorpion sting at teaching hospital. J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care. 2020;9(5):2562–65. Doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc-310-20.
303. Dehghani R, Rezvan T, Javad R, Roya Seydi R, Fatemeh K. Brown widow spider bite (Loxosceles sp., Araneae, Sicariidae): a case report from Kashan, Iran. Iran. J Dermatol. 2017; 20:32-5.
304. Juckett G. Arthropod bites. Am Fam Physician. 2013 ;88(12):841-47.
305. Mostafaii G, Dehghani R, Najafi M, Moosavi G, Rajaei M, Moghadam VK, Takhtfiroozeh S. Frequency of urban pests and pesticides consumption in the residential houses of the east of Tehran city, Iran. J Entomol Res. 2017;41(2):125-32.
306. Adenubi OT, Abolaji AO, Salihu T, Akande FA, Lawal H. Chemical composition and acaricidal activity of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil against the vector of tropical bovine piroplasmosis, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus. Exp Appl Acarol. 2021;83(2):301-12.
307. Arif F, Williams M (2023) Hymenoptera Stings. StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL) online Internet book, Available at: https://www. ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/books /NBK518972/
308. Soyyigit S, Arslan S, Caliskaner AZ. Investigation of the factors that determine the severity of allergic reactions to Hymenoptera venoms. Allergy Asthma Proc.2019; 40:116-122. Doi:10.2500/aap.2019.40.4191.
309. Junghanss T, Bodio M. Medically important venomous animals: biology.prevention, first Aid, and clinical Management. Clin Infect Dis. 2006; 43:1309–17. Doi:10.1086/508279.
310. Haddad Junior V, Amorim PC, Haddad Junior WT, Cardoso JL.Venomous and poisonous arthropods: identification, clinical manifestations of envenomation, and treatments used in human injuries. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2015 48:650-57. Doi:1010.1590/0037-8682-0242-2015.
)
Send comment about this article