Case-control study on risk factors associated with brucellosis in aborted cattle of Jimma zone, Ethiopia

Document Type : Research Articles

Authors

• Dereje Tulu Robi ¹
• Benti Deresa Gelalch ²
• Feyissa Begna Deresa ²

¹ Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Tepi Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia

² School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

10.22067/veterinary.v11i2.81661

Abstract

Brucellosis is one of the most important causes of abortion in cattle resulting in significant economic losses and public health concerns in the developing countries. A case-control study was conducted from October 2016 to October 2017 to investigate risk factors of brucellosis in aborted cattle in Jimma zone. During the study period, 141 cases and 282 controls were selected to assess and compare the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies between cases and controls. Cattle that had experienced abortion were defined as cases, whereas controls were cattle that had no record of abortion. Sera samples were collected from both cases and control cattle groups for laboratory tests (serological test). The existence of the anti-Brucella antibodes in serum samples was first tested by the Rose Bengal Plate test, and the all positive samples were confirmed using the complement fixation test. An overall of 4.02% seroprevalence of brucellosis was recorded in the study areas. Antibody against Brucella organism was higher among cases (6.38%) than controls (2.84%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age (OR 14.16, CI=2.91-28.84), breed (OR 5.36, CI=1.76-11.33), herd size (OR 11.82, CI= 1.31-16.17) and species composition (OR 5.10, CI=1.49-13.43) as risk factors (p < 0.05) for Brucella seropositivity. This study documented the occurrence of cattle brucellosis in study areas. Thus, applicable control methods and creating public awareness on the zoonotic transmission of brucellosis should be conducted. Moreover, further study considering more causes should be carried out to identify the specific causes of abortion in cattle for the preparation of the appropriate vaccine.

Keywords

• Risk factor
• Brucellosis
• cattle
• Ethiopia

20.1001.1.2008465.2019.11.2.4.5

Main Subjects

• Bacteriology

---

References

1. Peter AT. Abortions in dairy cows: new insights and economic impact, Advances in Dairy Technology, 2000; 12: 233.

2. Hovingh E. Abortions in dairy cattle. Common causes of abortions, Virginia Coop, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Extension publication, 2009; pp. 404-288.

3. Pal M. Etiology and management of infectious abortion in animals, Indian Journal of Field Veterinarian, 2006; 2:70-72.

4. Parthiban S, Malmarugan S, Murugan MS, Rajeswar J, Pothiappan P. Review on Emerging and Reemerging Microbial Causes in Bovine Abortion, International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2015; 4(4-1):1-6.

5.Givens MD, Marley MS. Infectious causes of embryonic and fetal mortality, Theriogenology, 2008; Pp. 1-16.

6. Pal M, Lemu D, Worku S, Desta G. Seroprevalence Study of Bovine Brucellosis and Reproductive Problems in Small-scale Dairy Farms of North Shewa, Ethiopia, International Journal of Livestock Research, 2016; 6(9): 1-10.

7. OIE. Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals, World Organization of Animal Health, 2009; 2(14):5-35.

8. FAO. Brucella melitensis in Eurasia and the Middle East, FAO Animal Production and Health Proceedings, No. 10, Rome, 2010.

9. Radostits OM, Gay CC, Hinchcliff KW, Constable PD, Veterinary Medicine, A Textbook of Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats, and Horses, 10th Ed. W.B., Saunders, London, 2007; pp. 963-985.

10. Acha NP, Szyfres B. Brucellosis in zoonosis and communicable diseases common to humans and animals. 3rd Ed., Pan. Amer. Health, Organization Washington, D.C., USA, 2001; pp. 40-62.

11. Muma JB, Samui KL, Oloya J, Munyeme M, Skjerve E. Risk factors for brucellosis in indigenous cattle reared in livestock-wildlife interface areas of Zambia, Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2007; 80:306-317.

12. Matope G, Bhebe E, Muma JB, Lund A, Skjerve E. Herd level factors for Brucella seropositivity in cattle reared in smallholder dairy farms in Zimbabwe, Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2010; 94: 213-221.

13. Mekonen H, Kalayou S, Kyule M. Serological survey of bovine brucellosis in Barka and Orado breeds (Bos indicus) of western Tigray, Ethiopia, Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2010; 94: 28-35.

14. Tolosa T, Bezabih D, Regassa F. Study on seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis, and abortion and associated risk factor, Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 2010; 58: 236-247.

15. Berhe G, Belihu K, Asfaw Y. Seroepidemiological Investigation of Bovine Brucellosis in the Extensive Cattle Production System of Tigray Region of Ethiopia, International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 2007; 5(2): 65-71.

16. Tolosa T, Regassa F, Belihu K. Seroprevalence Study of Bovine Brucellosis in Extensive Management System in Selected Sites of Jimma Zone, Western Ethiopia, Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 2008; 56: 25-37.

17. Asmare K, Asfaw Y, Gelaye E, Ayelet G. Brucellosis in the extensive management system of Zebu cattle in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia, African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2010; 5(3): 257-263.

18. Haileselassie M, Kalayou S, Kyule M, Asfaha M, Belihu K. Effect of Brucella Infection on Reproduction Conditions of Female Breeding Cattle and Its Public Health Significance in Western Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, Veterinary Medicine International, 2011; 201:7, 2011.

19. Adugna KE, Agga GE, Zewde G. Seroepidemiological survey of bovine brucellosis in cattle under a traditional production system in western Ethiopia, Review in Scientific and Technical of the Office International des Epizooties, 2013; 32(3):1-20.

20. Alem W, Solomon GA. Retrospective sero-epidemiology study of bovine brucellosis in different production systems in Ethiopia, In: Proceeding of 16th Annual Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2002; pp. 53-57.

21. Megersa B, Biffa D, Abunna F, Regassa A, Godfroidand J, Skjerve E. Seroprevalence of brucellosis and its contribution to abortion in cattle, camel, and goat kept under pastoral management in Borana, Ethiopia, Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2011; 43: 651-656.

22. Asfaw M, Ameni G, Kassa T, Tuli G, Arenas A, Mamo G. Seropositivity and risk factors for Brucella in dairy cows in Asella and Bishoftu towns, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2016; 10(7): 203-213.

23. Tsegaye Y, Kyule M, Lobago F. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Brucellosis in Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology and Sciences, 2016; 24(1): 16-25.

24. Tekle M. Seroprevalence of brucellosis and isolation of brucella from small ruminants that had history of recent abortion in selected kebeles of amibara district, afar region, Ethiopia, Msc thesis, Addis Ababa University, 2016; pp. 47-49.

25. Ausvet, Epitools epidemiological calculators, http:// epitools.ausvet.com.au, Accessed on October 3, 2016.

26. Dohoo I, Martin W, Stryhn H. Veterinary epidemiologic research, 2nd ed. AVC, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, 2009; pp. 239-249.

27. Asmare K, Regassa F, Robertson LJ, Martin AD, Skjerve E. Reproductive disorders in relation to Neospora caninum, Brucella spp. and bovine viral diarrhoea virus sero status in breeding and dairy farms of central and southern Ethiopia, Epidemiology and Infection, 2012; pp. 1-9.

[28]. Otte MJ, Gumm ID. Intra-cluster correlation coefficients of 20 infections calculated from the results of cluster-sample surveys, Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 1997; 31147-150.

29. Richard W. Dairying, Tropical Agriculturalist, 1st Ed. Macmillan Press London, 1993; pp. 43-48, 1993.

30. Moran J. Tropical dairy farming: feeding management for small holder dairy farmers in the humid tropics, Landlinks Press, 2005; 18:209-218.

31. Wathes D, Brickell J, Bourne N, Swali A, Cheng Z. Factors influencing heifer survival and fertility, Journal of Animal Science, 2008; 2(8): 1135-1143.

32. Asgedom H, Damena D, Duguma R. Seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis and associated risk factors in and around Alage district, Ethiopia, Springer Plus, 2016; 5(851): 1-8.

33. Markusfeld NO, Epidemiology of bovine abortions in Israeli dairy herds, Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 1997; 31: 245-255.

34. Ibrahim N, Belihu K, Lobago F, Bekana M. Sero-prevalence of bovine brucellosis and its risk factors in Jimma zone of Oromia Region, South-western Ethiopia, Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2010; 42: 35-40.

35. OIE. Bovine brucellosis, Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for terrestrial Animals, 5th Ed. Office International des Epizootics, Paris, 2004: pp. 409-438.

36. Apeanti WO. Contributing factors to pre-service mathematics teachers’ e-readiness for ICT integration, International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 2016; 2(1): 223-238.

37. Kebede T. Ejeta G, Ameni G. Seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in smallholder farms in central Ethiopia (Wuchale-Jida district), Revue de Medecine Veterinaire, 2008; 159(1): 3-9.

38. Asmare K. Neospora caninum versus Brucella spp. exposure among dairy cattle in Ethiopia: A case control study, Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2014; 46: 961-966.

39. Shabbir MZ, Khalid RK, Freitas DM, Javed MT, Rabbani M, Yaqub T, et al. Serological evidence of selected abortifacients in a dairy herd with history of abortion, Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 2013; 33(1):19-22.

40. Derdour SY, Hafsi F, Azzag N, Tennah S, Laamari A, China B, et al. Prevalence of the main infectious causes of abortion in dairy cattle in Algeria, Journal of Veterinary Research, 2017; 61: 337-343.

41. Hailemelekot M, Kassa T, Tefera M, Belihu K, Asfaw Y, Ali A. Seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle and occupationally related humans in selected sites of Ethiopia, Ethiopian Veterinary Journal, 2007; 11: 85-100.

42. Tibesso G, Ibrahim N, Tolosa T. Sero prevalence of bovine and human brucellosis in Adami Tulu, Central Ethiopia, World Applied Sciences Journal, 2014; 31:776-780.

43. Alehegn E, Tesfaye S, Chane M. Seroprevalence of Bovine Brucellosis and its Risk Factors in Cattle in and around Gondar Town, North West Gondar, Ethiopia, Journal of Advanced Dairy Research, 2017; 4: 166.

44. Omer MK, Skjerve E, Woldehiwet Z, Holstad G. Risk factors for Brucella spp. infection in dairy cattle farms in Asmara, State of Eritrea, Preventive Veterinary Medicine,2000; 46: 257-265, 2000.

45. Nakoune E, Debaere O, Koumand-Kotogne F, Selenkon B, Samory F, Talarmin A. Serological surveillance of brucellosis and Q fever in cattle in the Central African Republic, Acta Tropical, 2004; 92:147-151.

46. Dinka H, Chala R. Seroprevalence study of bovine brucellosis in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of East Showa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2009; 6(5): 508-512.

47. Deselegn TB, Gangwar SK. Seroprevalence study of bovine brucellosis in Assela government dairy farm of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, International Journal of Science and Nature, 2011; 2(3): 692-697.

48. Kubuafaor DK, Awumbila B, Akanmori BD. Seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle and humans in the Akwapim-south district of Ghana: Public health implication, Acta. Tropical, 2000; 76: 45-48.

49. Domingo AM. Current status of some zoonoses in Togo, Acta Tropical, 2000; 76: 65-67.

50. Schelling E, Dinguimbaye C, Daoud S, Nicoletti J, Boertin P, Tanner M, Zinnstag J. Brucellosis and Q-fever seroprevalence of nomadic pastoralists and their livestock in Chad, Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2003; 61:279-293.

51. Kungu JM, Okwee AJ, Ayebazibwe C, Okech SG, Erume J. Sero-prevalence and risk factors for brucellosis in cattle in Gulu and Amuru districts, Northern Uganda, Africa Journal of Animal and Biomedical Sciences, 2010; 5:1819-4214.

52. Teshale S, Kindah H, Bekana M, Kelay B, Jergefa T. Epidemiological study of bovine brucellosis in three agro ecological areas of central Oromia Ethiopia, Review in Scientific and Technical of the Office International des Epizooties, 2009; 28: 933-943.

53. Tesfaye G, Tsegaye W, Chanie M, Abinet F. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis in Addis Ababa dairy farms, Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2011; 43: 1001-1005.

54. Mussie H, Tesfu K, Yilkal A. Seroprevalence study of bovine brucellosis in Bahir Dar Milk shed, Northwestern Amhara Region, Ethiopian Veterinary Journal, 2007; 11(1); 42-49.

55. Kushwaha N, Rajora VS, Mohan A, Upadhyay AK, Kumar R. Comparison of serological tests for detection of Brucella antibodies in cattle of an organized dairy farm, Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2016; 50(1): 69-74.

56. Ali S, Akhter S, Neubauer H, Melzer F, Khan I, Nji AE, et al. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis in the Potohar Plateau, Pakistan, BMC Research Notes, 2017; 10(73): 1-11.

57. Jergefa T, Kelay B, Bekana M, Teshale S, Gustafson H, Kindah H. Epidemiological study of bovine brucellosis in three agro-ecological areas of central Oromiya, Ethiopia, Review in Scientific and Technical of the Office International des Epizooties, 2009; 28(3): 933-943.

58. Kong AT, Nsongka MV, Itoe SM, Hako AT, Leinyuy I. Seroprevalence of Brucella abortus in the Bamenda Municipal Abattoir of the Western Highlands, of Cameroon, Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2016; 6(8): 245-251.

59. Yohannes M, Mersha T, Degefu H, Tolosa T, Woyesa M. Bovine Brucellosis: Serological Survey in Guto-Gida District, East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia, Global Veterinary, 2012; 8: 139-143.

60. Shiferaw J, Fikadu A, Waktole H. Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors for Seropositivity of Bovine Brucellosis at Wollega University Horro-Guduru Animal Breeding and Research Center, Einstein International Journal Organization, 2017; 1(1): 45-56.

61. Mai HM, Irons PC, Kabir J, Thompson PN. A large seroprevalence survey of brucellosis in cattle herds under diverse production systems in northern Nigeria, BMC Veterinary Research 2011; 8(144): 1-14.

62. Anka MS, Hassan L, Khairani-Bejo S, Zainal MA, Mohamad RB, Salleh A, et al. Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Bovine Brucellosis Seropositivity in Peninsular Malaysia, PLoS ONE, 2014; 9(9): e108673.

63. Al-Majali AM, Talafha AQ, Ababneh MM, Ababneh MM. Seroprevalence and risk factors for bovine brucellosis in Jordan, Journal of Veterinary Science,2009; 10: 61-65.

64. Terefe Y, Girma S, Mekonnen N, Asrade B. Brucellosis and associated risk factors in dairy cattle of eastern Ethiopia, Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2017; 49:599.

65. Smits HL. Brucellosis in pastoral and confined livestock: prevention and vaccination Review in Scientific and Technical of the Office International des Epizooties, 2013; 32(1): 219-228.

66. Kaoud H, Zaki MM, Shimaa A, Nasr A. Epidemiology of brucellosis among farm animals, Nature and Science, 2010; 8: 190-197.

67. Elabdi SZ, Angara E, Elfadi A, Sanousi E, Ibrahim A. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Ruminants Brucellosis in Jabel Aolia Locality, Sudan, Sudan Journal of Science and Technology, 2014; 15(2): 60-72.