Ferdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology2008-465X9220170101Subclinical Hypocalcemia in Dairy Cows: Pathophysiology, Consequences and Monitoring1152924310.22067/veterinary.v9i2.69198ENHesam A. SeifiFerdowsi University of Mashhad0000-0003-3460-2301Samuel KiaFerdowsi University of MashhadJournal Article20171005Milk fever and subclinical hypocalcemia are the most important macro-mineral metabolic disorders that affect transition dairy cows. Many studies have shown that cows with subclinical hypocalcemia are also prone to many diseases and disorders. The drain of Calcium (Ca) during early lactation represents a significant increase in Ca demand over that for late fetal growth and physiological maintenance. The requirements of the mammary gland for Ca often exceeds the ability of the cow to replenish the plasma Ca pools. Blood Ca concentrations remarkably decline in dairy cows around calving, with the lowest concentrations occurring about 12 to 24 hours after calving. To maintain Ca homeostasis after calving, at the start of lactation, Ca compensating mechanisms are activated. <br />These mechanisms involve a coordinated effort among the hormones 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin. Hypocalcemia is associated with an increased risk of several important health conditions such as mastitis, retained placenta, metritis, abomasum displacement and immune insufficiency, particularly in transition period. The incidence of subclinical hypocalcemia approaches 40-50% in multiparous cows after calving in dairy herds. In spite of developments in preventive approaches, tremendous economical impact of hypocalcemia on health, production and fertility of dairy cows is a major concern for dairy herd owners. The paramount advances in dairy health have been the paradigm shift from treatment of clinical illness to disease prevention and redefining disease more broadly, to include subclinical conditions. Herd-based tests are now available for use in routine herd monitoring and for investigating dairy herds with metabolic subclinical problems. This review provides the criteria for hypocalcemia monitoring and interpretation of the results in dairy herds.Ferdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology2008-465X9220170101Histopathological changes in experimental infestation of Paederus fuscipes in ratsتغییرات هیستوپاتولوژیکی در آلودگی تجربی با پیادروس فاسیپس در رت16202937810.22067/veterinary.v9i2.64024ENMousa TavassoliUrmia University0000-0002-0169--6041Aliasghar TehraniUrmia UniversityJavad Mahdavi GhajariUrmia UniversityJournal Article20170428The genus Paederus consists of approximately 621 species associated with outbreaks of dermatitis. Our aim was to determine gross and microscopic changes induced by Paederus fuscipes. Adult P. fuscipes beetles were collected from infested house and then sent to laboratory. In the first group beetles were placed on the shaved parts over the shoulders of each rat. In the second group smashed insect materials were rubbed over the ear of examined animals. Gross changes after 12 hr were noticed as erythematous papules and in 72 hr the red elevated area became bigger and swollen. Microscopic examination revealed edema and mild infiltration of inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and eosinophils) after 12 hr, cell swelling and vacuolar degeneration in basal and squamous cells after 24 hr, but by 72 hr the epidermal cells were necrotic with intense accumulation of fluid and vesicles formation. Gross and microscopic changes were compared between rats exposed with squeezed beetle materials and rats exposed to live beetles. The typical gross changes were maculopapuls on the skin that histologically showed dermal edema and infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils.Ferdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology2008-465X9220170101A survey on Feline Leukemia virus infection in cats of Ahvaz district, Iran: Seroprevalence and risk factors21272941010.22067/veterinary.v9i2.63968ENFaezeh Zarmehi ShahrebabakShahid Chamran University of AhvazMahdi Pourmahdi BorujeniShahid Chamran University of Ahvaz0000-0002-9478-260XBahman MosallanejadShahid Chamran University of Ahvaz0000-0001-9150-7920Masoud Reza Seyfi َAbad ShapouriShahid Chamran University of AhvazJournal Article20170425The purpose of the present survey was to determine the seroprevalence rate of FeLV in cats in Ahvaz district, South-West of Iran, as well as, risk factors such as age, gender, breed, life style and clinical findings were evaluated. Blood samples were collected from 60 companion and 124 stray cats and antibody titers were measured against FeLV with ELISA kits. The seroprevalence was obtained 79.89% (95% CI: 74.1-85.68 percent). Chi-square test showed a significant relationship between age groups and infection (p < 0.01). Infection rate in cats with age below 2 years was significantly less than cats between 3-4 years (p < 0.05) and above 4 years old (p < 0.01). Also the seroprevalence was significantly higher in domestic short hair breed than Persian (p < 0.01). The seroprevalence was higher in stray cats than companion, nevertheless, the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the seroprevalence was very high in cat’s population of Ahvaz district and there was a significant difference between clinical findings and serological results.Ferdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology2008-465X9220170101Detection of Mycoplasma bovis in bulk tank milk samples by nested PCR in Mashhad, Iran28322946310.22067/veterinary.v9i2.57678ENMehran DabiriFerdowsi University of MashhadPezhman MirshokraeiFerdowsi University of MashhadMehrnaz RadFerdowsi University of MashhadBabak KhoramianFerdowsi University of Mashhad0000000249622797Journal Article20160721Mycoplasma bovis is a highly contagious major mastitis pathogen with multiple clinical presentations in dairy cows. This kind of mastitis does not respond to available antibiotics and actually there is no effective therapy for this infection, thus the best way of prevention and control is to diagnose and cull the affected cows in the herd. The objective of this study was to detect Mycoplasma bovis in bulk tank milk samples by nested PCR in Mashhad, Iran. One hundred and four fresh bulk tank milk samples from 52 dairy herds were collected four weeks apart. Mycoplasma bovis was not detected from any of them by either direct PCR on milk or after enrichment in modified Hayflick’s broth. Two other mycoplasma species were detected after enrichment and one other mycoplasma <br />species without enrichment by mycoplasma spp. primer. Sequencing of the PCR products from two positive samples confirmed the presence of mycoplasma that were Mycoplasma canadense and Mycoplasma yeatsii.Ferdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology2008-465X9220170101Immune response characteristics of Capri pox virus vaccines following emergency vaccination of cattle against lumpy skin disease virus33402955410.22067/veterinary.v9i2.65381ENHamid Reza VarshoviRazi Vaccine and Serum Research InstituteReza NorianUrmia University0000-0002-3887-1683Abbas AzadmehrBabol University of Medical SciencesNahideh Afzal AhangaranUrmia UniversityJournal Article20170625In this research immune response characteristics of two available heterologous vaccines including Gorgan goat pox virus (GPV) and Romanian sheep pox virus (SPV) vaccines against lumpy skin disease have been examined, by using the monitoring of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in vaccinated calves in the field. The evaluation of humoral immune response showed that the neutralizing antibody titers in both vaccinated groups started at day 7 post-vaccination, then reached to the protective level at day 21 post-vaccination and persisted till 35 day post-vaccination. The neutralizing antibody titers in GPV-vaccinated calves (GVC) the ratio was higher than SPV-vaccinated calves (RVC), and on days 21 and 35 post-vaccination were significantly different (pFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology2008-465X9220170101Detection and identification of avian adenovirus in broiler chickens suspected of inclusion body hepatitis in Khuzestan, Iran during 2015-201641452959310.22067/veterinary.v9i2.66216ENParisasadat Tabib GhafariShahid Chamran University of AhvazZahra BoroomandShahid Chamran universityAnahita RezaieShahid Chamran University of AhvazMansoor MayahiShahid Chamran UniversitySara EftekharianShahid Chamran UniversityJournal Article20170719Avian adenoviruses (AAV) are known as a very diverse group of pathogens causing a variety of clinical symptoms or being totally asymptomatic in poultry flocks. The aim of this study was the molecular detection of avian adenoviruses in broiler flocks suspected of the IBH and respiratory syndrome in the southwest of Iran. For this intent, the liver and lung samples with macroscopic lesions were collected from 30 different poultry flocks (poultry of slaughterhouse and flock mortalities). Subsequently, DNA was extracted from samples and examined using PCR. The L1 (Loop1) region of the hexon gene was amplified. PCR products were sequenced to reveal the identity of the avian adenoviruses. The data resulted from the nucleo<br />tide sequencing were analyzed using programs and services provided by National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The results showed that the pools of liver samples from a 25 days old flock were positive in the PCR test. Based on the sequence data, adenoviruses belonged to the D genotype of avian adenoviruses. In phylogenetic analysis, FADV isolates were closely related to the FADV-11 isolates of Iran, China, Canada and Australia with nucleotide homology up to 99%. This is the first study on molecular detection and analyzing the nucleotide sequence of hexon gene fragment of FADV in broiler farms in Southwest Iran.Ferdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology2008-465X9220170101Modulation of growth performance, haemato-immunological parameters, gut microbiota and stress resistance upon feeding juvenile Schizothorax zarudnyi (Nikolskii, 1897) by fructo-oligosaccharid46562962810.22067/veterinary.v9i2.58376ENFarshid SheikhvaisyIslamic Azad University, Kashmar Branch, Kashmar, IranOmid SafariFerdowsi University of Mashhad0000-0001-8378-8291Reza VakiliIslamic Azad University, Kashmar Branch, Kashmar, IranJournal Article20160823A 63-day experiment was carried out under controlled conditions to compare the effects of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) at four levels (5, 10, 20 and 30 g/kg) on growth performance, nutritional efficiency indices, haemato-immunological parameters, stress resistance, digestive enzymes and cultivable autochthonous intestinal microbiota of juvenile (68.52 ± 1.52 g) Khaju fish Schizothorax zarudnyi. Fish fed the diet containing 20 g/ kg FOS had significantly (p < 0.05) higher weight. Dietary FOS supplementation (5-20 g/kg) showed significant effects on SGR compared with control treatment. Hb, Haematocrit, MCV, MCH and lymphocytes in fish fed with the diet containing 20-30 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than those in fish fed with control treatment. After 63-day feed ing period and also, 5-min air exposure challenge test, the activities of IG, LYZ and ACP in serum of fish fed with the diet containing 10-30 g/kg FOS showed a significantly higher trend than other treatments. The ratio of lactobacillus count to total autochthonous intestinal microbiota in fish fed with 10-30 g/kg FOS was significantly higher than that in other treatment groups. Furthermore, dietary FOS supplementation significantly increased survival rate of juvenile Khaju fish. Polynomial regression of SGR, FCR, PPV and PER suggested that the optimum dietary FOS level could be higher than 18.2 and < 23.8 g/kg in fish reared in culture conditions. These results indicate the beneficial effects of FOS, and emphasizes the need for further research to analyze the use of prebiotics on growth performance of fish.Ferdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology2008-465X9220170101Sensory evaluation of the color of mutton by computer vision system57632966510.22067/veterinary.v9i2.63673ENSamaneh TabibianFerdowsi university of MashhadMohammad MohsenzadehFerdowsi university of Mashhad0000-0002-7829-039XHamidreza PourrezaFerdowsi university of MashhadMahmoodreza GolzarianFerdowsi university of MashhadJournal Article20170418Evaluation of meat color by a computer vision system (CVS) is a promising implement to dominate the difficulties when the meat is directly evaluated. In this study, 60 Longissimus dorsi from different carcasses of sheep were provided and cut into samples in 5 mm thickness. Immediately under standard shooting conditions, photographing was carried out by CVS. At the same time, the color of meat was measured with Hunterlab colorimeter. The first photo was taken on samples on a freshly cut surface just arrived at the laboratory and the others on 3rd, 5th,7th, 9th, 11th, and 13th days after slaughtering. Then, seven trained sensory panels were asked to evaluate the color of the photos that were taken during 13 days and graded them in order of preference. In general sensory panel preferred samples with high lightness, a relatively high redness, and yellowness until 7 days after slaughtering.Ferdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology2008-465X9220170101NetB negative Clostridium perfringens infection associated with acute necrotic enteritis in mynah (Acridotheres tristis), grey partridge (Perdix perdix) and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)64692927510.22067/veterinary.v9i2.56897ENJamshid RazmyarUniversity of Tehran0000-0002-1247-4591Massoud RezaeeFerdowsi university of Mashhad0000-0002-0111-7871Ahmad Reza MovassaghiFerdowsi university of MashhadBahram ShojadustUniversity of GuelphJournal Article20160619A non–enterotoxin (CPE)–producing Clostridium perfringens type A, associated with enteritis in a mynah (Acridotheres tristis), a grey partridge (Perdix perdix) and a turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) was characterized from cases with clinical symptoms from September 2010 until October 2012. Affected birds exhibited anorexia and diarrhea. Gross and histological findings were indicative of acute necrotic enteritis. Clostridium perfringens was isolated in bacterial cultures. Multiplex PCR for toxin profiling of the isolates revealed that the all three isolates were Clostridium perfringens type A, positive for cpb2 and cpa.Ferdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology2008-465X9220170101Ovarian Fibrothecoma in a Holstein cow: A Case report70742932910.22067/veterinary.v9i2.62085ENAli SoleimanzadehUrmia University0000-0002-1591-2198RoozAli BatavaniUrmia UniversityAlireza NourianUrmia UniversityBelal PashaieUrmia UniversityJournal Article20170124A 5-year-old Holstein cow was referred to the Veterinary Medicine Hospital, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, with abnormal estrous cycle. At rectal palpation, the unilateral ovary enlargement was detected. On transrectal ultrasonography view, the left ovary had uniformly hyperechogenic areas. The affected ovary was removed by ovariectomy and sent for histopathological examination. Histopathological evaluation revealed fibroblastic cells producing collagen fibers and theca cells containing lipids. Based on histopathological features, diagnosis of fibrothecoma was confirmed. This case reports an extremely rare fibrothecoma in cow.