ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The cryoprotective effects of erythritol on frozen-thawed ram sperm
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing glycerol with erythritol on cryopreservation of ram spermatozoa. Semen samples (n=24) were collected from four rams in six times. In each session, the collected ejaculates (n=4) were pooled and split into 12 equal parts. The amount of 0.032 M glycerol (G32E0, equal to 3% glycerol), 0.016 M glycerol and 0.016 M erythritol (G16E16), 0.008 M glycerol and 0.024 M erythritol (G8E24), 0.032 M erythritol (G0E32), 0.054 M glycerol (G54E0, equal to 5% glycerol), 0.027 M glycerol and 0.027 M erythritol (G27E27), 0.013 M glycerol and 0.041 M erythritol (G13E41), 0.054 M erythritol (G0E54), 0.076 M glycerol (G76E0, equal to 7% glycerol ), 0.038 M glycerol and 0.038 M erythritol (G38E38), 0.019 M glycerol and 0.057 M erythritol (G19E57) and 0.076 M erythritol (G0E76) were added. The diluted samples were frozen using standard protocol. After thawing, the samples were incubated at 37°C for 6 h. Results showed that progressive sperm motility and acrosome integrity were higher in G13E41 (18.85 % and 27.41 %, respectively) than treatments that contained only glycerol at 6 h (p < 0.05). At the level of 0.032 and 0.054 M cryoprotectant, the highest of total sperm motility was observed in G8E24 (19.16 %) and G13E41 (18.85 %) at 6 h, respectively (p < 0.05). Therefore, the quality of frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa can be improved by using the mixture of 0.013 M glycerol plus 0.041 M erythritol or 0.008 M glycerol plus 0.024 M erythritol.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_30516_1ec82f403e4ba6c19689e341d96b7939.pdf
2019-02-01
1
10
10.22067/veterinary.v11i2.82921
Cryopreservation
Polyol
Glycerol
Ram sperm
Majid
Alaeipour
majidalayeepour@yahoo.com
1
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Roostaei-Ali Mehr
roostaei@guilan.ac.ir
2
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Sanchez-Partida LG, Windsor DP, Eppleston J, Setchell BP, Maxwell WM. Fertility and its relationship to motility characteristics of spermatozoa in ewes after cervical, transcervical, and intrauterine insemination with frozen-thawed ram semen. J. Androl. 1999; 20(2): 280–288.
1
2. Roostaei-Ali Mehr M, Parisoush P. Effect of different levels of silymarin and caproic acid on storage of ram semen in liquid form. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2016; 51(4): 569–574.
2
3. Salamon S, Maxwell WMC. Storage of ram semen. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2000; 62(1-3): 77–111.
3
4. Abdelhakeam AA, Graham EF, Vazquez IA, Chaloner KM. Studies on the absence of glycerol in unfrozen and frozen ram semen. Development of an extender for freezing: effects of osmotic pressure, egg yolk levels, type of sugars and the method of dilution. Cryobiology 1991; 28(1): 43–49.
4
5. Abdelhakeam AA, Graham EF, Vazquez IA. Studies on the absence of glycerol in unfrozen and frozen ram semen: Fertility trials and the effect of dilution methods on freezing ram semen in the absence of glycerol. Cryobiology 1991; 28(1): 36–42.
5
6. Slavik T. Effect of glycerol on the penetrating ability of fresh ram spermatozoa with zona free hamster eggs. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1987; 79(1): 99–103.
6
7. Colas G. Effect of initial freezing temperature, addition of glycerol and dilution of the survival and fertilizing ability of deep-frozen ram semen. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1975; 42(2): 277–285.
7
8. Morrier A, Castonguay F, Bailey J. Glycerol addition and conservation of fresh and cryopreserved ram spermatozoa. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 2002; 82(3): 347–356.
8
9. Utsumi K, Hochi S, Iritani A. Cryoprotective effect of polyols rat embryos during two-step freezing. Cryobiology 1992; 29(3): 332–41.
9
10. Til HP, Juper CF, Faile HE, Bruyntjes JP, Bar A. Subchronic feeding studies with erythritol in rats and mice. Regul. Toxicol. Pharm. 1996; 24(2): 221–231
10
11. Bernet WO, Borzelleca JF, Flamm G, Munro IC. Erythritol: a review of biological and toxicological studies. Regul. Toxicol. Pharm. 1996; 24(2): 191–197.
11
12. Maxwell WMC, Watson PF. Recent progress in the preservation of ram semen. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 1996; 42(1-4): 55–65.
12
13. Lovelock JE. The protective action of neutral solutes against haemolysis by freezing and thawing. Biochem. J. 1954; 56(2): 265–270.
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14. Miyamoto H, Ishibashi T. Survival of mouse embryos after freezing and thawing in the presence of erythritol. J. Exp. Zool. B. Mol. Dev. Evol. 1981; 216(2): 337–40.
14
15. Molinia FC, Evans G, Maxwell WMC. Effect of polyols on the post-thawing motility of pellet-frozen ram spermatozoa. Theriogenology 1994; 42(1): 15–23.
15
16. Kim, SW, Park, CH, Kim, HJ, Yoon, JH, Hwang, YJ, Kim, D. Antioxidant effect of Erythritol on boar spermatozoa during cryopreservation. Dev. Biol. 2011; 356(1): 195.
16
17. Willadsen SM, Polge CL, Rowson E, Rowson A, Moor RM. Deep freezing of sheep embryos. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1976; 46(1): 151–154.
17
18. Drevius LO. Permeability coefficients of bull spermatozoa for water and polyhydric alcohols. Experi. Cell Res. 1971; 69(1): 212–6.
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19. Chung YS, Lee M. Genotoxicity assessment of erythritol by using short-term assay. Toxi. Res. 2013; 29(4): 249–255.
19
20. Szende B, Tyihak E. Effect of formaldehyde on cell proliferation and death. Cell Biol. Int. 2010; 34(12): 1273–1282.
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21. De Leeuw FE, De Leeuw AM, Den Daas JH, Colenbrander B, Verkleij AJ. Effects of various cryoprotective agents and membrane-stabilizing compounds on bull sperm membrane integrity after cooling and freezing. Cryobiology 1993; 30(1): 32–44.
21
22. Daily WA, Higgens CE. Preservation and storage of microorganisms in the gas phase of liquid nitrogen. Cryobiology 1973; 10 (5): 364–367.
22
23. Motamedi-Mojdehi R, Roostaei-Ali Mehr M, Rajabi-Toustani R. Effect of different levels of glycerol and cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin on cryosurvival of ram spermatozoa. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2014; 49(1): 65–70.
23
24. Redway KF, Lapage SP. Effect of carbohydrates and related compounds on the long–term preservation of freez-dried Bacteria. Cryobiology 1974; 11(1): 73–79.
24
25. Neild DM, Gadella BM, Chaves MG, Miragaya MH, Colenbrander B, Aguero A. Membrane changes during different stages of a freeze-thaw protocol for equine semen cryopreservation. Theriogenology 2003; 59(8): 1693–1705.
25
26. Soylu MK, Nur Z, Ustuner B, Dogan I, Sagirkaya H, Gunay U, Ak K. Effects of various cryoprotective agents and extender osmolality on post-thaw ram semen. B. Vet. I. Pulawy 2007; 51: 241–6.
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28
29. Gillan L, Evans G, Maxwell WMC. Capacitation status and fertility of frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa. J. Reprod. Fertil. Develop. 1997; 9(5): 481–487.
29
30. Roostaei-Ali Mehr M, Mousavi M, Ghadamyari M. Effect of seminal plasma proteins on membrane cholesterol efflux of ram epididymal spermatozoa. Small Rumin. Res. 2015; 129: 88–91.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A comparison study on the cow and mare milk-clotting activity of Withania coagulans
The limitations of rennin application in cheese crafting usually urge the discovery of novel proteases. The Withania coagulans fruits are well-known for their caseinolytic activity in cheese production. The study aims to evaluate some of the factors affecting the milk-clotting activity (MCA) of W. coagulans fruit enzymatic extract in even and odd-toed hoofed-mammals milk. The extracts were prepared by distilled water and normal saline and their protein content were evaluated. The time necessary for the appearance of discernible and discrete particles in the mare and cow milk by the two concentrations of saline and hydro W. coagulans extracts (SE and HE, respectively) was assessed at 35 and 40°C while exposing different levels of calcium chloride. The interaction of these factors on MCA was evaluated using mixed-design ANOVA. Three significant interaction patterns considering the maximum number of factors were revealed (p < 0.05). The higher extract concentration and incubation temperature (40°C) was always effective in producing the utmost MCA in these interactions. The SE was faster than HE in milk clot formation. The cow milk was a more suitable substrate than mare milk for the enzyme activity.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_30550_d79c12442df259ee9c7cafda92cc2809.pdf
2019-02-01
11
20
10.22067/veterinary.v11i2.81317
Withania coagulans
milk-clotting activity
cow milk
mare milk
Hadi
Ebrahimnejad
ebrahimnejad@uk.ac.ir
1
Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fateme
Hekmatynia
f.hekmaty@gmail.com
2
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman; Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Shirin
Mansouri
shirinmansouri1967@gmail.com
3
Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Khan RS, Masud T. Comparison of buffalo cottage cheese made from aqueous extract of Withania coagulans with commercial calf rennet. Int J Dairy Technol. 2013;66(3):396-401.
1
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4. Jacob M, Jaros D, Rohm H. Recent advances in milk clotting enzymes. Int J Dairy Technol. 2011;64(1):14-33.
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9. Takahashi K. Aspartic Proteinases: Structure, Function, Biology, and Biomedical Implications: Springer Science & Business Media; 2012.
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12. Kazemipour N, Salehi Inchebron M, Valizadeh J, Sepehrimanesh M. Clotting characteristics of milk by Withania coagulans: Proteomic and biochemical study. Int J Food Prop. 2017;20(6):1290-301.
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14. Ghahreman AaA, F. Biodiversity of Plant Species in Iran: The vegetation of Iran, plant species, red data of Iran, endemic species, rare species, species threatened by extinction: Central Herbarium of Tehran University, Faculty of Science; 1999.
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15. Iannella G. Equid milk renneting through pure camel chymosin and cheese manufacturing. Direct Res J Agric and Food Sci. 2015;3(9):167-72.
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18. Ye R, Harte F. Casein maps: effect of ethanol, pH, temperature, and CaCl2 on the particle size of reconstituted casein micelles. J Dairy Sci. 2013;96(2):799-805.
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19. McSweeney PL. Cheese problems solved: Elsevier; 2007.
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20. Rodwell VW, Weil PA, Botham KM, Bender D, Kennelly PJ. Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry. 30th ed: McGraw-Hill Education; 2015.
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21. Beigomi M, Mohammadifar MA, Hashemi M, Senthil K, Valizadeh M. Biochemical and rheological characterization of a protease from fruits of Withania coagulans with a milk-clotting activity. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2014;23(6):1805-13.
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22. Siala R, Frikha F, Mhamdi S, Nasri M, Sellami Kamoun A. Optimization of acid protease production by Aspergillus niger I1 on shrimp peptone using statistical experimental design. Sci World J. 2012;2012.
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23. Chazarra S, Sidrach L, Lopez-Molina D, Rodriguez-Lopez JN. Characterization of the milk-clotting properties of extracts from artichoke (Cynara scolymus, L.) flowers. Int Dairy J. 2007;17(12):1393-400.
23
24. Lopes A, Teixeira G, Liberato M, Pais M, Clemente A. New vegetal sources for milk clotting enzymes. J Mol Catal B-Enzym. 1998;5(1-4):63-8.
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25. Van Hooydonk A, Walstra P. Interpretation of the kinetics of the renneting reaction in milk. Neth Milk Dairy J. 1987;41(1):19-47.
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26. Kopelman I, Cogan U. Determination of clotting power of milk clotting enzymes. J Dairy Sci. 1976;59(2):196-9.
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27. Hyslop DB, Richardson T, Ryan DS. Kinetics of pepsin-initiated coagulation of κ-casein. Biochim Biophys ACTA (BBA)-Enzymol. 1979;566(2):390-6.
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36. Nawaz MA, Masud T, Sammi S. Quality evaluation of mozzarella cheese made from buffalo milk by using paneer booti (Withania coagulans) and calf rennet. Int J Dairy Technol. 2011;64(2):218-26.
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48
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
High prevalence of Prototheca spp. and isolation of fungal species in milk samples from cows suffering from mastitis in Mashhad city, northeast Iran
The aim of this study was to investigate the fungi and algae isolated from milk samples in dairy cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis from dairy farms around Mashhad, Iran. A total of 503 milk samples were obtained from 10 industrial dairy farms. All samples were simultaneously cultured on the surface of Blood agar, Macconkey agar, and Sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol. Fungi and algae were identified using phenotypic characteristics. In the examined samples, the bacterial contamination (338 out of 503 samples; 67.20%) was the most dominant followed by algae (93 out of 503 samples; 18.5%), filamentous fungi (32 out of 503 samples; 6.4%) and yeast fungi (26 out of 503 samples; 5.2%).Penicillium spp. (2.8%), Aspergillus spp. (2.6%), Cladosporium spp. (1.2%), Geotrichum spp.(0.4%), Ulucaladium spp., Scopolariopsis spp. and Alternaria spp. (0.2% each), Cryptococcus neofermenes (3%), Candida spp. (1%), Trichosporon spp. (0.8%) and Rhodoturula spp. (0.4%) were the filamentous and yeast fungi isolated from milk samples. Of the 93 algae isolated from 503 milk samples (18.5%), 83 (16.5%) samples were positive for Prototheca zopfii and 10 (2%) samples for Prototheca wickerhamii. According to the results of this study, yeast fungi, filamentous fungi and algae, especially Prototheca spp. are important contaminant factors in milk and contribute to clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis. Therefore, proper sanitation practices and management of dairy herds and judicious use of antibiotics is essential to control the fungal and algal contamination both in the environment and the breast.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_30577_6d741f3e9958da2b01740fcab9264d31.pdf
2019-02-01
21
26
10.22067/veterinary.v11i2.81838
mastitis
cattle
Fungi
algae
Prototheca spp
Maryam
Lavaee
maryam.lavaee72@gmail.com
1
Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Samaneh
Eidi
eidi@um.ac.ir
2
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Babak
Khoramian
khoramian@um.ac.ir
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Eldesouky I, Mohamed N, Khalaf D, Salama A, Elsify A, Ombarak R, et al. Candida mastitis in dairy cattle with molecular detection of Candida albicans. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2016; 22(3):461-464.
1
2. Krukowski H. Mycotic mastitis in cows. 2001; 57(1):18–20.
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3. Costa EO, Ribeiro AR, Watanabe ET, Melville PA. Infectious bovine mastitis caused by environmental organisms. J Vet Med B. 1998; 45(2):65–71.
3
4. Jones GM. Understanding the Basics of Mastitis. http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/404/404-233/404-233.html.
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5. Spanamberg A, Wunder EA Jr, Brayer Pereira DI, Argenta J, Cavallini Sanches EM, Valente P, et al. Diversity of yeast from bovine mastitis in Southern Brazil. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2008; 25 (3): 154-156.
5
6. Bakr EM, El-Tawab AE, Elshemey TM, Abd-Elrhman AH. Diagnostic and therapeutic studies on mycotic mastitis in cattle. Alex J Vet. 2015; 46: 138-145.
6
7. Cosmina C, Rapuntean Gh, Rapuntean S, Fit N, Nadas G, Vilela C. Florescent in situ hybridization (FISH) method optimization for rapid detection of Prototheca in clinical samples. Bull UASVM Vet Med 2008; 65:248–252.
7
8. Ahrholdt J, Murugaiyan J, Straubinger RK, Jagielski T, Roesler U. Epidemiologi- analysis of worldwide bovine, canine and human clinical Prototheca isolates by PCR genotyping and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry proteomic phenotyping. Med Mycol. 2012; 50: 234–43.
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9. Talebkhan Garoussi M, Khosravi AR, Hovarashti P. The survey of mycotic flora of uterine cows with reproductive disorders and healthy. J Vet Res. 2008; 63 (1): 7-10.
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10. Radostits OM, Gay CC, Blood DC, Hinchcliff KW. Veterinary Medicine: A Text book of Disease of cattle, sheep, pigs, Goats and Horses 9th ed. W B Saunders London 2000; 603-660.
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11. Diversity of yeasts and coliforms associated with bovine subclinical mastitis in periurban dairy farms in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna state, Nigeria [Ph.D. thesis]. Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; 2017.
11
12. Elad D, ShpigelNY, Winkler M, Klinger I, Fuchs V, Saran A, et al. Feed contamination with Candida krusei as a probably source of mycotic mastitis in dairy cows. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995; 207, 620-622.
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13. Divers TJ, Peek SF. Rebhun’s Diseases of Dairy Cattle. 3rd ed. Elsevier Saunders; 2018.
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14. Kalinska A, Golębiewski M, Wojcik A. Mastitis pathogens in dairy cattle – a review. World Scientific News. 2017; 89: 22-31.
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15. Casia dos Santos R, Marine JM. Isolation of candida spp. from mastitis bovine milk in Brazil. Mycopathologia. 2005; 159: 251-253.
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16. Blowey R, Edmondson P. Mastitis Control in Dairy Herds. 2nd Ed, CAB International, Cambridge; 2010.
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17. Krzyżanowski J, Sielicka B. The characteristics of anascogenic yeasts isolated from the clinical cases of mastitis in cows. Ann Univ Mariae Curie-Sklodowska (Vet) 1996; 51, 59-63.
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18. Krukowski H, Lisowski A, Rozanski P, Skorka A. Yeasts and algae isolated from cows with mastitis in the south-eastern part of Poland. Pol J Vet Sci. 2006; 9 (3):181-184.
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19. Zaragoza CS, Olivares RA, Watty AE, Moctezuma Ade L, Tanaca, LV. Yeasts isolation from bovine mammary glands under different mastitis status in the Mexican High Plateu. Rev IberoamMicol.2011; 28 (2):79-82.
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20. Suhyla, T, Seyhan, K. The slime production by yeasts isolated from subclinical mastitic cows. Acta Vet Brno. 2010; 79: 581-586.
20
21. Talebkhan Garoussi M, Khosravi, AR, Pandamoz S. Milk mycoflora survey of dairy cows with or without mastitis. Iran J Vet Sci Technol.2013; 4(1), 69-74.
21
22. Rasouli A. survey on prevalence rate of fungal species in cattle mastitis at some dairy farm around Tabriz city. Int J Biol Pharm Allied Sci. 2016; 5(4): 900-906.
22
23. Batavani RA, Ovnagh AG and Nikkhah, MA. An Investigation on fungal mastitis in Dairy Cattle in Urmia. The Second Iranian Cattle and Buffalo Seminar 2002.
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24. Milanov DU, Prunic BO, Velhner MA, Diagnosis of yeast mastitis in dairy cows. Lucrari Stiintifice Medicina Veterinara, 2014, XLVLL (1).
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25. Pachauri S, Varshney P, Dash SK and Gupta MK. Involvement of fungal species in bovine mastitis in and around Mathura, India. Vet World. 2013; 6(7): 393-395.
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26. Singh S, Sood N, Gupta PP, Jand SK, Banga HS. Experimental candidial mastitis in goats: clinical, haematological, biochemical and sequential pathological studies. Med Mycol. 1998; 140: 89-97.
26
27. Milanov D, Petrovic T, Polacek V, Suvajdzic L, Bojkovski J. Mastitis associated with Prototheca zopfii - an emerging health and economic problem on dairy farms. J Vet Res. 2016; 60: 373-378.
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28. Jagielski T, Roeske K, Bakuła Z, Piech T, Wlazlo L, Bochniarz M, et al. A survey on the incidence of Prototheca mastitis in dairy herds in Lublin province, Poland. J dairy sci. 2019; 102 (1): 619-628.
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29 Moller Truyen U, Roesler U, Veterinary microbiology. 2007; 120(3): 370-374.
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30. Zaini A, Kanani M, Falahati R, Fateh M, Salimi-Asl N, Saemi Sh, et al. Identification of Prototheca zopfii from Bovine Mastitis. Iran J Public Health. 2012; 41(8): 84-88.
30
31. Wawron W, Bochniarz M, Piech T, Wysocki J, Kocik M, Bulletin-Veterinary Institute In Pulawy. 2013; 57: 485-488.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Case-control study on risk factors associated with brucellosis in aborted cattle of Jimma zone, Ethiopia
Brucellosis is one of the most important causes of abortion in cattle resulting in significant economic losses and public health concerns in the developing countries. A case-control study was conducted from October 2016 to October 2017 to investigate risk factors of brucellosis in aborted cattle in Jimma zone. During the study period, 141 cases and 282 controls were selected to assess and compare the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies between cases and controls. Cattle that had experienced abortion were defined as cases, whereas controls were cattle that had no record of abortion. Sera samples were collected from both cases and control cattle groups for laboratory tests (serological test). The existence of the anti-Brucella antibodes in serum samples was first tested by the Rose Bengal Plate test, and the all positive samples were confirmed using the complement fixation test. An overall of 4.02% seroprevalence of brucellosis was recorded in the study areas. Antibody against Brucella organism was higher among cases (6.38%) than controls (2.84%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age (OR 14.16, CI=2.91-28.84), breed (OR 5.36, CI=1.76-11.33), herd size (OR 11.82, CI= 1.31-16.17) and species composition (OR 5.10, CI=1.49-13.43) as risk factors (p < 0.05) for Brucella seropositivity. This study documented the occurrence of cattle brucellosis in study areas. Thus, applicable control methods and creating public awareness on the zoonotic transmission of brucellosis should be conducted. Moreover, further study considering more causes should be carried out to identify the specific causes of abortion in cattle for the preparation of the appropriate vaccine.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_30605_7d8fd070be87e07c35f039713c4988ee.pdf
2019-02-01
27
36
10.22067/veterinary.v11i2.81661
Risk factor
Brucellosis
cattle
Ethiopia
Dereje Tulu
Robi
eiar@eiar.gov.et
1
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Tepi Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Benti Deresa
Gelalch
bentijc@gmail.com
2
School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
AUTHOR
Feyissa Begna
Deresa
fey_abe2009@yahoo.com
3
School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
AUTHOR
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67
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparing the protective effects of L-carnitine and Silybum marianum aqueous extract after diazinon-induced hepatotoxicity in male rat liver
Diazinon (DZN), as an organophosphorus pesticide (OP), induces oxidative stress leading to the generation of free radicals and causes some pathological changes in the body. The purpose of this study was to assess the protective effects of L-carnitine (LC) and Silybum marianum aqueous extract (SMAE) against DZN-induced hepatotoxicity in male rat liver. Rats were assigned in 9 groups (n=8) including control, sham, DZN15, SMAE100, LC300, SMAE100+LC300, DZN15+LC300, DZN15+SMAE100 and DZN15+SMAE100+LC300. Thirty days after the treatment by oral gavage, blood samples were taken and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), Albumin (Alb) and total protein (TP) were measured using photometric method. Besides, the livers of rats were removed and evaluated histopathologically. The DZN15 treatment significantly increased the AST, ALT, ALP and GGT levels (p<0.05) and conversely decreased the Alb and TP levels (p<0.05). Moreover, administration of the DZN15 resulted in lymphocytic inflammation, congestion, apoptosis hepatocyte, and lesser sinusoids space. However, the DZN15+SMAE100+LC300 treatment did not change the ALT, ALP, GGT, Alb and TP levels (p˃0.05) but increased the AST level significantly compared to the control (p<0.05). Besides that, lesser structural alterations and improvement in the liver tissue were observed. The findings suggest that co-administration of SMAE and LC could reduce DZN-induced hepatic tissue damages and improve the hepatic biochemical parameters in rats.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_30636_5ff8aa9a7f7b3151c6f6b58e4ba8d8b3.pdf
2019-02-01
37
44
10.22067/veterinary.v11i2.80289
diazinon
L-Carnitine
Silybum marianum
hepatotoxicity
Rat
Forough
Masoumi
f.massumi@kau.ac.ir
1
Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehrdad
Shariati
mehrdadshariati@kau.ac.ir
2
Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mokhtar
Mokhtari
m.mokhtari@kau.ac.ir
3
Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of dietary β-1,3-glucan and host gut-derived probiotic bacteria on hemato-immunological indices and gut microbiota of juvenile rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss)
The effects of indigenous probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus pentosus alone, and in combination with β-1,3-glucan in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. Eight groups were defined: control (G1), 1% β-1,3-glucan (G2), L. plantarum (G3), L. pentosus (G4), L. plantarum + L. pentosus (G5), L. plantarum with 1% β-1,3-glucan (G6), L. pentosus with 1% β-1,3-glucan (G7) and L. plantarum + L. pentosus with 1% β-1,3-glucan (G8). After eight weeks, the innate immune responses were elevated in all treated groups; however, synergistic effects were observed for anti-trypsin, bactericidal activity and respiratory burst activity in groups 7 and 8. Although the other immune responses were higher in treated groups, they did not make statistically significant differences. Checking microbiota showed that β-1,3-glucan improved conditions of indigenous probiotics. The diet 8 caused significant alterations in the intestinal microbiota by significantly decreasing the proportion of total count bacteria to lactic acid bacteria, which were demonstrated by reducing the total number of bacteria in Group 8 compared to the control group.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_30671_d79c92b5122e52c7553855ec40f148f6.pdf
2019-02-01
45
58
10.22067/veterinary.v11i2.80505
Onchorhynchus mykiss
host gut-derived probiotics
Immune response
Synbiotic
β-1,3-glucan
intestinal microbiota
Takavar
Mohammadian
t.mohammadian@scu.ac.ir
1
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maryam
Mosavi
m.mosavi@scu.ac.ir
2
DVM Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Alishahi
alijani.nasim@yahoo.com
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Khosravi
m.khosravi@scu.ac.ir
4
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Aloe vera and Salvia officinalis extract supplemented diet on hematology, histopathology, and hypoxia resistance in rainbow trout
This study investigated the effects of Aloe vera and Salvia officinalis extracts on hematological and haemato-biochemical parameters, histopathology, and resistance against hypoxia stress in Oncorhynchus mykiss. The rainbow trout (10 ± 0.1 g) were fed seven different diets supplemented with 0% (control), 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% of A. vera or S. officinalis extract for 30 days. The feeding in all treatments was continued for 2 weeks using control diet. The fish blood samples were collected on days 30th and 45th, and total red blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin were measured. The glucose and cortisol of serum were examined just before and one hour after hypoxia stress (3 mg L-1) at days 30th and 45th. The gill tissue samples were taken from all treatments for histopathological study at the end of experimental period. The S. officinalis (0.5%) treated group showed a significant increase (p< 0.05) in red blood cells, hematocrits and hemoglobin compared to control group. While the A. vera (1 and 1.5%) treatments revealed significant increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration compared to the control group (p< 0.05). Moreover the glucose and cortisol levels of serum were increased significantly only in S. officinalis (0.5%) treated group after hypoxia stress on days 30th and 45th compared to the control group (p< 0.05). No serious histopathological changes were observed in any treatments and control group. Based on the results obtained, dietary S. officinalis (0.5%) hydroethanolic extract improved the haematological and haemato-biochemical parameters and increased the rainbow trout resistance against hypoxia stress.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_30704_a7847de3b8b345e7fdeb2e9f7019f284.pdf
2019-02-01
59
68
10.22067/veterinary.v11i2.81124
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Herbal Extracts
Environmental stresses
Hematology
histopathology
Ali Akbar
Tafi
a.tafi@urmia.ac.ir
1
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Saeed
Meshkini
s.meshkiniy@yahoo.com
2
Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir
Tukmechi
atokmachi@urmia.ac.ir
3
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Alishahi
alishahim@scu.ac.ir
4
Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Farzaneh
Noori
yalda.45@gmail.com
5
Department of Aquaculture, Artemia & Aquaculture Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
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12. Tafi AA, Meshkini S, Tukmechi A, Alishahi M, Noori F. Immunological and Antistreptococcal Effects of Salvia officinalis and Aloe vera Extracts Supplemented Feed in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2019; 24 (3): 365-370. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2017.18973
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15. Zorriehzahra MJ, Hj Mohd Daud H, Sharifpour I, Soltani M, Mehrabi MR, Kies F, et al. Histopathology survey of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry mortality syndrome in coldwater hatcheries and reared farms in Iran. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 2018; 4(2): 58-72.
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16. Alishahi M, Ranjbar MM, Ghorbanpour M, Peyghan R, Mesbah M, Razi Jalali M. Effects of dietary Aloe vera on some specific and none specific immunity in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 2010; 4: 189-195.
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17. Heidarieh M, Mirvaghefi AR, Sepahi A, Sheikhzadeh N, Shahbazfar AA, Akbari, M. Effects of Dietary Aloe Vera on Growth Performance, Skin and Gastrointestine Morphology in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2013; 13: 367-373.
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21. Farahi A., Kasiri M, Sudagar M, Soleimani Iraei M, Zorriehzahra SMJ. Effect of dietary supplementation of Melissa Officinalis and Aloe Vera on haematological traits, lipid oxidation of carcass and performance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss). Online journal of animal and feed research, 2012; 1: 1-5.
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22. Haukenes AH, Barton BA, Bolligs H. Cortisol responses of pallid sturgeon and yellow perch following challenge with lipopolysaccharide. Journal of Fish Biology, 2008; 72: 780-784.
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24. Martinez-Porchas M, Martinez-Cordova LR, Ramos-Enriquez R. Cortisol and Glucose: Reliable indicators of fish stress. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 2009; 4(2): 158-178.
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26. Iwama GK, Afonso LOB, Vijayan MM. Stress in fishes. In: Evans, DH; Claiborne, JB; (Eds.), The Physiology of fishes. 3th edition, 2006; Taylor and Francis, New York, USA, PP. 319-342.
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30. Hussein HJ, Hameed IH, Hadi MY. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique for analysis of bioactive compounds of methanolic leaves extract of Lepidium sativum. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2017; 10(11): 3981-3989.
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32. Jalali MA, Ahmadifar E, Sudagar M, Azari Takami G. Growth efficiency, body composition, survival and hematological changes in great sturgeon (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1758) juveniles fed diets supplemented with different levels of Ergosan. Aquaculture Research, 2009; 40(7): 804-809.
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34. Camargo MMP, Martinez CBR. Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a neotropical fish caged in an urban stream. Neotropical Ichthyology, 2007; 5(3): 327-336.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular detection of mouse hepatitis virus in laboratory mouse colonies
The animal health monitoring is required to issue health certificates. The viral hepatitis virus is one of the most important infectious agents in mice breeding colonies. This research used RT-PCR to identify contaminations to mouse hepatitis virus. 18 out of 29 specimens were found to be infected, a prevalence of 62%. PCR product was purified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the identified strain in this study was closely related to a strain reported from France. In the conventional system, contamination with different infectious agents is inevitable, thus it is better to replace the contaminated colonies with clean animals.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_30476_d93704a7a0dc3489e176c2dba910a269.pdf
2019-02-01
69
72
10.22067/veterinary.v11i2.77631
Molecular detection
mouse
Hepatitis virus
Roozbeh
Fallahi
r.fallahi@rvsri.ac.ir
1
-Department of Research, Breeding and Production of Laboratory Animals, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Abedini
ftmhabedini@yahoo.com
2
Department of Research, Breeding and Production of Laboratory Animals, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
AUTHOR
Gholam Reza
Shokri
g.shokri@rvsri.ac.ir
3
Research and Development Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Wood CS. Detection of mouse hepatitis virus: A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science in the University of Dundee; 2015.
1
2. Cecilio AB, Cândido AL, Resende M, Bontempo ED, Martins AdS. Detection of mouse hepatitis virus in mouse colonies using the nested polymerase chain reaction. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia. 2000;52(4):307-12.
2
3. Adami C, Pooley J, Glomb J, Stecker E, Fazal F, Fleming JO, et al. Evolution of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) during chronic infection: quasispecies nature of the persisting MHV RNA. Virology. 1995;209(2):337-46.
3
4. Compton SR, Barthold SW, Smith AL. The cellular and molecular pathogenesis of coronaviruses. Laboratory Animal Science. 1993;43(1):15-28.
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6. Weiss SR, Leibowitz JL. Coronavirus pathogenesis. Advances in virus research. 2011;81:85-164.
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8. Akimaru K, Stuhlmiller GM, Seigler H. Influence of mouse hepatitis virus on the growth of human melanoma in the peritoneal cavity of the athymic mouse. Journal of surgical oncology. 1981;17(4):327-39.
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9. Percy DH, Barthold SW. Pathology of Laboratory Rodents and Rabbits: Blackwell Publishing Professional; 2007.
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11. Mahler Convenor M, Berard M, Feinstein R, Gallagher A, Illgen-Wilcke B, Pritchett-Corning K, et al. FELASA Recommendations for the Health Monitoring of Mouse, Rat, Hamster, Guinea Pig and Rabbit Colonies in Breeding and Experimental Units. Laboratory animals. 2014;48(3):178-92.
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12. Casebolt DB, Qian B, Stephensen CB. Detection of enterotropic mouse hepatitis virus fecal excretion by polymerase chain reaction. Laboratory animal science. 1997;47(1):6-10.
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18
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22
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23
24. Fallahi R, Mansouri MA, Health monitoring of Razi Institute laboratory mice (NIH strain) to Clostridium piliforme in 1395. Vet Res Biol Pro 2017; 117: 78-84.
24
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25
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26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Severe subcutaneous, muscular and visceral coenurosis in a goat
Coenurosis (gid or sturdy) is a zoonotic disease that is caused by Taenia multiceps metacestode. It is common in small ruminants. The cysts in sheep are more cerebral, while are noncerebral in goats. Coenurosis decreases production, and results in the death of the affected animals and in the disposal of the organs or even carcasses in severe infection. The present study describes severe subcutaneous coenuri associated with contamination in other tissues including the skeletal muscles and visceral organs. A remarkable clinical observation was the aggregation of cysts in variable sizes in the subcutaneous tissue of whole body. Subcutaneous tissue is not a common site for cyst formation. Coenurosis was confirmed based on the morphological characteristics of the cysts including the clusters of protoscolices and rostellar hooks.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_30488_118120c8cfa7b948690565e1a26d8105.pdf
2019-02-01
73
78
10.22067/veterinary.v11i2.80397
Coenurosis
Taenia multiceps
Coenurus cerebralis
goat
Shahrzad
Azizi
azizi@uk.ac.ir
1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehdi
Amirmohammadi
shahrzad73@gmail.com
2
Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Reza
Kheirandish
rezakheirandish@uk.ac.ir
3
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Saeid Reza
Nourollahifard
norolahi@yahoo.com
4
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
1. Sharma DK, Chauhan PPS. Coenurosis status in Afro-Asian region: a review. Small Rum Res. 2006;64:197–202.
1
2. Shivapraksh BV, Thimma Reddy PM. An outbreak of multiple subcutaneous coenurus cysts in goats. J Vet Parasitol. 2009;23:199-200.
2
3. Oryan A, Nazifi S, Sharifiyazdi H, Ahmadnia S. Pathological, molecular, and biochemical characterization of Coenurus gaigeri in Iranian native goats. J Parasitol. 2010;96:961-967.
3
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4
5. Avcioglu H, Yildirim A, Duzlu O, Inci A, Terim KA, Balkaya I. Prevalence and molecular characterization of bovine coenurosis from Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey. Vet Parasitol. 2011;176:59- 64.
5
6. Kheirandish R, Sami M, Azizi S, Mirzaei M. Prevalence, predilection sites and pathological findings of Taenia multiceps cysts in slaughtered goats from south-east Iran. Onderst J Vet Res. 2012;79: Art. #436, 5 pages.
6
7. Christodoulopoulos G, Kassab A, Theodoropoulos G. Occurrence of non-cerebral coenurosis in sheep. J Helminthol 2013;87:125–127.
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8. Smith, M.C., Sherman, D.M. (Eds.), 2009, 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, Ames, IA, pp. 85–256.
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9. Desouky EA, Badawy AI, Refaat RA. Survey on coenurosis in sheep and goats in Egypt. Vet Italiana. 2011;47:333-340.
9
10. Adane P, Kumsa B, Hiko A, Afera B. Prevalence of Coenuruscerebralis in Small Ruminants Slaughtered at Hashim Export Abattoir, Debre Zeit, Central Oromia. Eur J Appl Sci. 2015;7:56-63.
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14. Madhu DN, Mahan T, Sudhakar NR, Maurya PS, Banerjee PS, Sahu S, Pawde AM. Coenurus gaigeri cyst in the thigh of a goat and its successful Management. J Parasitol Dis. 2014;38:286-288
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17. Hüttner M, Nakao M, Wassermann T, Siefert L, Boomker JD, Dinkel A, Sako Y, Mackenstedt U, Romig T, Ito A. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic position of Echinococcus felidis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) from the African lion. Int J Parasitol. 2008;38:861-868.
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23. Afonso SMS, Mukaratirwa S, Hajovska K, Capece BPS, Cristofol C, Arboix M, Neves L. Prevalence and morphological characteristics of Taenia multiceps cysts (Coenurus cerebralis) from abattoir-slaughtered and experimentally infected goats. J Neuroparasitol. 2011;2, 5 pages.
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27