ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Lipid-based nanoparticles as novel drug delivery systems for antimicrobial agents
Despite the development of novel drugs and technologies in combating the infectious diseases, they remain as a global health challenge. The use of conventional antimicrobial drugs are always associated with problems such as antimicrobial resistance, adverse effects, and inefficient drug delivery. In this regard, the unique physiochemical properties of the nanoparticles have led to increase in the researches on nanoparticles and their application as promising antimicrobial products. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are new carrier systems developed as an alternative to traditional nanoparticle vehicles. The solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), lipid-drug conjugates (LDCs), Lipid-core nanocapsules (LNCs) and lipid-polymer nanoparticles (LPNs) are carriers with a lipid matrix showing advantages for different applications due to the use of biodegradable, and biocompatible lipids. LNPs have exclusive properties owing to their ultra-small size and high surface area, thereby, they are able to increase drug targeting, treatment efficiency and reduce the toxicity of antimicrobial drugs. LNPs are often used as sustained release systems, and they also used for improving drug bioavailability. It has been found that the composition and structure of LNPs are two critical factors that may influence their pharmaceutical performance in different body organs. This review focuses on the development of LNP systems for antimicrobial drugs delivery and gives an overview on the modern LNP- based therapeutic strategies against the infections. The mechanism of action and advantages of these nanoparticles as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anti-parasitic agents are highlighted in this review.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29695_2fbe867cbfa128371887431d762376ef.pdf
2018-03-01
1
16
10.22067/veterinary.v2i10.75569
lipid nanoparticles
drug delivery
carrier systems
antimicrobial agents
infectious diseases
Ali
Rassouli
arasooli@ut.ac.ir
1
University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alwan
Al-Qushawi
ahamadi@uowasit.edu.iq
2
Wasit University
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of Toxic Effects of Oxothiazole Derivative as a New Antibacterial Agent
The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in many humans and animals has driven researches to identify and design novel antibacterial agents. In vitro inhibitory activity of (2E)-2-(4,5-dihydro-4-oxothiazol-2-yl)-2-(thiazolidin-2-ylidene) acetonitrile against many bacterial pathogens has been proven in both veterinary and human medicine. In this study, its in vivo toxic effects was studied in mice. The median lethal dose (LD50) value of 239.88 mg/kg was estimated using intraperitoneal injection in 8 groups of mice after 48 h treatment. Then, intraperitoneal injections of LD50 of oxothiazole solution into 4 other mice were done to evaluate histopathological changes in their liver and kidney tissues. The histopathological studies were identified as fatty change, hepatitis, necrosis and regeneration in liver, and fibrosis, necrosis, nephritis, hyaline cast and hyperaemia in kidney. In conclusion, the synthesized oxothiazole derivative causes renal and hepatic toxicity in mice at medium concentrations. The change of thiazole substituents and complexation may reduce its toxicity.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29720_1f8b80d9209c5c9e615167242f9030c4.pdf
2018-03-01
17
21
10.22067/veterinary.v2i10.71626
Toxic effect
Histopathological study
Oxothiazole derivative
Hamid
Beyzaei
hamidchem@uoz.ic.ir
1
University of Zabol,
AUTHOR
Abbas
Jamshidian
jamshidianab@uoz.ic.ir
2
University of Zabol
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Hajinezhad
hajinezhad@uoz.ac.ir
3
University of Zabol
AUTHOR
Seyed Hadi
Hashemi
dr.hadihashemi124@uoz.ic.ir
4
Zabol University
AUTHOR
Nasim
Amel
nasim.amel76@gmail.com
5
Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences of Torbat
AUTHOR
Maliheh
Abdollahi
abdollahim7@mums.ac.ir
6
Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences,
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Arab-Sahebi
f.arabsahebi1375@gmail.com
7
Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
AUTHOR
Behzad
Ghasemi
behzad.ghasemi99@gmail.com
8
Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences,
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of the antiviral effects of aqueous extracts of red and yellow onions (Allium Cepa) against avian influenza virus subtype H9N2
Avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 causes important economic losses in industrial poultry worldwide. Biosecurity and vaccination have not completely prevented the outbreak of avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 in poultry, and there are no appropriate medicines available. Onion is one of the plants used from the ancient times both as food and medicine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiviral effects of aqueous extract of red and yellow onion against avian influenza virus subtype H9N2. First, a study was performed to evaluate the toxic effects of the extracts on the embryonated chicken eggs. For antiviral evaluation, three mixtures were prepared: mixture of the virus and the red onion extract, mixture of the virus and the yellow onion extract, and mixture of the virus and PBS, as a control group. The mixtures were separately inoculated to the chorioallantoic sac of the embryonated eggs after 2, 8 and 24 hours incubation at room temperature. Mortality rate and hemagglutination assay titers were recorded. The results indicated that the red onion extract decreases mortality of the embryos and the yellow onion extract increases the life of the embryos, and both of the extracts decrease HA titers. In conclusion, it seems that both extracts especially aqueous extract of the red onion not only destroys the avian influenza virus subtype H9N2, but also they probably decrease the propagation of the virus in the embryonated chicken eggs.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29756_c810492fd6733207949113d7419a6fdc.pdf
2018-03-01
23
27
10.22067/veterinary.v2i10.74060
Avian Influenza
H9N2
Onion
Aqueous extract
Antivirus
Saba
Ahmadi
saba.ahmadi89@ymail.com
1
University of Tabriz
AUTHOR
Zolfaghar
Rajabi
rajabi@tabrizu.ac.ir
2
University of Tabriz
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehdi
Vasfi-Marandi
mvmarand@ut.ac.ir
3
University of Tehran
AUTHOR
1- Vahabpour-Roudsari R, Shamsi-Shahrabadi M, Monavari SH,
1
Sajjadi SE. Evaluation of potential antiviral activity of hydroalcoholic
2
extract of Lemon Balm L. against Herpes Simplex
3
Virus type-I. Iran. J. Virol. 2007;1:28-32.
4
2- Harper SA, Fukuda K, Uyeki TM, Cox NJ, Bridges CB. Prevention
5
and control of influenza.
6
3- Vasfi Marandi M, Bozorgmehri Fard MH. Isolation of H9N2
7
subtype of avian influenza viruses during an outbreak in
8
chickens in Iran. Iran. Biomed. J. 2002 Jan 15; 6(1):13-7.
9
4- Swayne DE, Suarez DL, Sims LD. Influenza. Diseases of poultry.
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2013 Oct 4:181-218.
11
5- Bouvier NM, Palese P. The biology of influenza viruses. Vaccine.
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2008 Sep 12;26:D49-53..
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6- Suleria HA, Butt MS, Anjum FM, Saeed F, Khalid N. Onion: nature
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protection against physiological threats. Crit. Rev. Food.
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Sci. 2015 Jan 2;55(1):50-66.
16
7- Mohamed EF. Antiviral properties of garlic cloves juice compared
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with onion bulbs juice against potato virus Y (PVY). J.
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Am. Sci. 2010;6(8):302-10.
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8- Lanzotti V. The analysis of onion and garlic. J. Chromatogr. A.
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A. 2006 Apr 21;1112(1-2):3-22.
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(bird flu).” (2007).
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of influenza virus. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1983 Jul;52(1):467-
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12- Killian ML. Hemagglutination assay for the avian influenza
29
virus. Avian Influenza Virus. 2008:47-52.
30
13- Liguori L, Califano R, Albanese D, Raimo F, Crescitelli A, Di
31
Matteo M. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties
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of five white onion (Allium cepa L.) landraces. J. Food. Quality.
33
2017 Jan ;2017.
34
14- Bayan L, Koulivand PH, Gorji A. Garlic: a review of potential
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therapeutic effects. Avicenna. J. Phytomed. 2014 Jan;4(1):1.
36
15- Spackman, E., and D. Suarez. Avian influenza virus. Humana
37
Press, Totowa, NJ. 2008. Crossref, Google Scholar
38
16- Barjesteh N, Brisbin JT, Behboudi S, Nagy E, Sharif S. Induction
39
of antiviral responses against avian influenza virus in
40
embryonated chicken eggs with Toll-like receptor ligands.
41
Viral. Immunol. 2015 May 1;28(4):192-200.
42
17- Brauer R, Chen P. Influenza virus propagation in embryonated
43
chicken eggs. J. Vis. Exp: JoVE. 2015(97(
44
18- Ding Y, Zeng L, Li R, Chen Q, Zhou B, Chen Q, leng Cheng
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P, Yutao W, Zheng J, Yang Z, Zhang F. The Chinese prescription
46
lianhuaqingwen capsule exerts anti-influenza activity
47
through the inhibition of viral propagation and impacts
48
immune function. BMC Complem. Altern. M. 2017
49
Dec;17(1):130.
50
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of sensory and motor blocking action of lidocaine and lidocaine-tramadol following brachial plexus block in sheep
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of adding tramadol to lidocaine for brachial plexus block in sheep. Six healthy, adult ewes weighing 41.7 ± 3.82 kg were used. Using an electrical stimulator, brachial plexus block was performed with lidocaine (4 mg/kg) (LID), lidocaine (4 mg/kg)-tramadol (2 mg/kg) (LTL), and lidocaine (4 mg/kg)-tramadol (4 mg/kg) (LTH). All sheep received the three treatments with one-week interval. The final volume of administered solutions was adjusted to 0.3 mL/kg. Time to the onset and duration of anesthesia as well as changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature were determined. Time to the onset of sensory blockade and motor blockade was not significantly different among groups. The duration of sensory blockade and motor blockade were significantly longer in LTH (128.3 ± 9.7 and 151.5 ± 21.5 min, respectively) compared with those of LID (88.6 ± 6.5 and 110.5 ± 21 min, respectively) and LTL (51.6 ± 11.8 and 89.6 ± 22.7 min, respectively). Although the onset of sensory blockade was longer than that of motor blockade in the three treatments, the difference was only significant in LTL. No significant differences were observed in heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature among and within treatments. It was concluded that addition of tramadol (4 mg/kg) to lidocaine, without altering the onset, can provide more prolonged anesthesia than that of lidocaine in brachial plexus block in sheep.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29784_507ed1803c49070e98561ecdccb98196.pdf
2018-03-01
29
35
10.22067/veterinary.v2i10.73791
Brachial plexus block
Lidocaine
Nerve stimulator
Sheep
Tramadol
Hadi
Imani Rastabi
h.imani@scu.ac.ir
1
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hadi
Naddaf
hd.naddaf@yahoo.com
2
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
AUTHOR
Ali Abbas
Nikvand
a.nikvand@scu.ac.ir
3
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
AUTHOR
Mahnush
Kamyabnia
mahnush_kaamyab@yahoo.com
4
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of the levels of cardiac troponin I as an end point in resuscitation of dogs with hemorrhagic shock
This study sought to assess the levels of cardiac troponin I, as a resuscitation end point, along with oxygen delivery (DO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2) during resuscitation of dogs with experimental hemorrhagic shock using lactated Ringer’s solution or 6% hydroxyethyl starch. After induction of anesthesia (control measurements), hemorrhagic shock was induced by rapid removal of blood to achieve a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 to 50 mmHg within 30 minutes and then maintained in hypovolemic situation for additional 30 minutes (second and third stages of measurements). Afterward, the dogs were randomly assigned to two groups which received 20 ml/kg lactated Ringer’s solution or 5 ml/kg Hydroxyethyl starch, in four consecutive 15 minutes intervals (forth stage of measurements). One hour after the last resuscitation step, final measurements were performed. Hemorrhagic shock caused marked elevation in the levels of cTnI and reduction in DO2 and VO2 (p < 0.05). Following resuscitation, a significant reduction was observed in the levels of cTnI and VO2 but a significant elevation was seen in DO2 levels (p < 0.05), without significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). The results of this study proved that cTnI can be evaluated for better monitoring during fluid therapy in hemorrhagic shock, as a novel resuscitation end point.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29809_bd74f8e9b997dd068848e8f2ddaf268c.pdf
2018-03-01
37
42
10.22067/veterinary.v2i10.73882
cardiac troponin I
Dog
hemorrhagic shock
Reza
Azargoun
r.azargoun@urmia.ac.ir
1
shahid chamran university
AUTHOR
Reza
Avizeh
avizeh@scu.ac.ir
2
Shahid Chamran university
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alireza
Ghadiri
alighadiri@scu.ac.ir
3
shahid chamran university
AUTHOR
Hadi
Imani Rastabi
hadiimani1364@gmail.com
4
shahid chamran university
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Pourmahdi Boroujeni
pourmahdim@gmail.com
5
shahid chamran university
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Razi Jalali
jalali_m@scu.ac.ir
6
shahid chamran university
AUTHOR
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RA, Jasani S, et al. Incidence of elevation of cardiac troponin
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I prior to and following routine general anaesthesia in dogs.
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8. Dyson D, Sinclair M. Impact of dopamine or dobutamine infusions
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volume replacement during isoflurane-induced anesthesia in
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dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2006 Jul;67(7):1121-30.
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9. Hagman R, Lagerstedt AS, Fransson BA, Bergström A, Häggström
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J. Cardiac troponin I levels in canine pyometra. Acta
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Vet Scand. 2007 Feb 28;49:6.
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10. Hamacher L, Dӧrfelt R, Müller M, Wess G. Serum cardiac troponin
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I concentrations in dogs with systemic inflammatory
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response syndrome. J Vet Intern Med. 2015 Jan;29(1):164-70.
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11. Haskins S, Pascoe PJ, Ilkiw JE, Fudge J, Hopper K, Aldrich J.
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Reference cardiopulmonary values in normal dogs. Comp
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Med. 2005 Apr;55(2):156-61.
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12. Karpati PC, Rossignol M, Pirot M, Cholley B, Vicaut E, Henry
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P, et al. High incidence of myocardial ischemia during postpartum
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hemorrhage. Anesthesiology. 2004 Jan;100(1):30-6.
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13. Keefe J. Shock and Initial Stabilization. In: Norkus C, editor.
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Veterinary Technician’s Manual for Small Animal Emergency
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and Critical Care. 1st ed. Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.
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14. Ko JJ, Alam R, Kim NS. Hemodynamic effects of fluid resuscitation
47
with 6% hydroxyethyl starch and whole blood in experimental
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hypovolemic shock in Beagle dogs. Turk J Vet Anim
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Sci. 2012 Jan;36(4):416-23.
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15. Lopes PC, Sousa MG, Camacho AA, Carareto R, Nishimori
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CT, Santos PS, et al. Comparison between two methods for
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cardiac output measurement in propofol-anesthetized dogs:
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thermodilution and Doppler. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2010
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Sep;37(5):401-8.
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16. Marik P. Hemodynamic parameters to guide fluid therapy.
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Transfus Altern Transfus Med. 2010 Sep;11(3):102-112.
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17. Moore KE, Murtaugh RJ. Pathophysiologic characteristics of
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hypovolemic shock. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract.
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2001 Nov;31(6):1115-28.
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18. Murakawa K, Kobayashi A. Effects of vasopressors on renal
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tissue gas tensions during hemorrhagic shock in dogs. Crit
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Care Med. 1988 Aug;16(8):789-92.
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19. Nascimento P.Jr, De Paiva Filho O, de
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Carvalho LR, Braz JR. Early Hemodynamic
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and Renal Effects of Hemorrhagic
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Shock Resuscitation with Lactated
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Ringer’s Solution, Hydroxyethyl
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Starch, and Hypertonic Saline with or
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without 6% Dextran-70. J Surg Res.
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2006 Nov;136(1):98-105.
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20. Oyama MA, Sisson DD. Cardiac troponin-
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I concentration in dogs with
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cardiac disease. J Vet Intern Med.
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2004 Nov-Dec;18(6):831-9.
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21. Oyama MA, Solter PF. Validation of an
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immunoassay for measurement of canine
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cardiac troponin-I. J Vet Cardiol.
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2004 Nov;6(2):17-24.
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22. Schober K, Cornand C, Kirbach B,
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Aupperle H, Oechtering G. Serum
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cardiac troponin I and cardiac troponin
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T concentrations in dogs with
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Med Assoc. 2002 Aug 1;221(3):381-8.
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23. Strickland KN. Pathophysiology and
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Therapy of Heart Failure. In: Smith
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MM, editors. Manual of canine and
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Elsevier; 2016.
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Moraes AC. Hemodynamic effects
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of volume replacement with saline
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solution and hypertonic hydroxyethyl
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starch in dogs. Acta Cir Bras. 2009
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Mar-Apr;24(2):87-92.
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M, Degaute JP, Kahn RJ. Serial
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Jun;11(6):449-51.
102
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hematological and biochemical evaluation of goats naturally infected with contagious ecthyma
Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a zoonotic skin disease of small ruminants, caused by an epitheliotropic parapoxvirus and has a worldwide distribution with significant economic importance. The objective of this study was to determine clinicopathlogic abnormalities in goats naturally infected with CE. Thirty two goats, 16 affected with CE and 16 normal healthy goats were used in this study. CE was confirmed by histopathology and PCR. Blood samples were collected from jugular veins for hematological and biochemical analysis. The PCV, WBC and neutrophil counts of CE affected goats were significantly higher than those in the unaffected goats (p < 0.05). Serum biochemical analysis revealed significantly higher levels of BUN, glucose, MDA and iron concentrations as well as CK, AST, GGT and catalase activities in CE affected goats than healthy animals (p < 0.05). The serum activity of catalase, SOD and GPx in goats with CE were significantly lower than those in normal goats. Creatinine concentration in serum of goats with CE was significantly lower than that in heathy ones (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum total protein, albumin, total and direct bilirubin, and cholesterol concentrations between CE affected and healthy goats. The alterations observed in hematological and biochemical parameters of CE affected goats could be related to weight loss, subnutrition, oxidative stress and pathological changes including inflammation and secondary bacterial infection. These findings could be useful for the management of cases of sheep and goats with CE.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29856_ed136e1b98f8f730ca92f471f6ed263b.pdf
2018-03-01
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47
10.22067/veterinary.v2i10.69865
Contagious ecthyma
Goats
Parapoxvirus
Orf
Clinical pathogy
Seyed Amin
Kazemi Asl
amin1323@gmail.com
1
Shahrekord University
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Aslani
mraslani@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir
2
University of Shahrekord
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdonaser
Mohebbi
abmohebi@yahoo.com
3
Shahrekord University
AUTHOR
Azam
Mokhtari
a.mokhtari@sku.ac.ir
4
Shahrekord University
AUTHOR
1. Constable PD, Hinchcliff KW, Done SH, Grumberg W. Veterinary
1
Medicine, A text Book of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses,
2
sheep, Pigs and goats. 11th edition, 2017; Elsevier, PP. 1593-
3
2. Reid HW, Rodger SM. Orf. In: Diseases of sheep. 4th edition,
4
2007;Blakwell, Ames-Iowa, PP. 297-302.
5
3. Spyrou V, Valiakos G. Orf virus infection in sheep or goats. Vet
6
Microbiol. 2015;181: 178-182.
7
4. Hasheminasab SS, Mahmoodi A, Mahmoodi P, Maghsood H.
8
Orf virus infection in human ecthymacontagiosum: a report
9
of two cases in the West of Iran. Virus Dis. 2016; 27: 209-210.
10
5. Abba Y, Igbokwe IO, Adamu L, Buba I. Alterations in hematological
11
and serum biochemical parameters of Sahel goats with
12
clinical mastitis. IOSR J Agr Vet Sci. 2013;7: 74-77.
13
6. Hashemnia M, Khodakaram-Tafti A, Rasavi SM, NasifiS.Hematological
14
and serum biochemical analyses in experimental
15
caprine coccidiosis. J Parasit Dis. 2014;38:116–123.
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7. Kumar A, VihanVS, Sharma HN. Haematological and biochemical
17
effects of tick infestation in common Indian goat.
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Advance Biores. 2010;1: 163-168.
19
8. Neamat-Allah ANF. Immunological, hematological, biochemical,
20
and histopathological studies on cows naturally infected
21
with lumpy skin disease. Vet World, 2015; 8: 1131-1136.
22
9. Sevik M, Avci O, Dogan M, Ince OB. Serum biochemistry of
23
lumpy skin disease virus- infected cattle. Biomed Res Inter.,
24
2016; doi.org/10.1155/2016/6257984.
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10. Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML. Clinical Biochemistry of
26
Domestic Animals. 2008; 6th edition, Academic Press,
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11. Koner BC, Banerjee BD, Ray A. Effects of stress on gamma
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glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activity in lymphoid system of
29
rats: modulation by drugs. Indian J Exp Biol. 1997:35:222-4.
30
12. Geogieva NV. Oxidative stress as a factor of disrupted ecological
31
oxidative balance in biological systems – a review. Bulg J
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Vet Sci. 2005; 8:1-11.
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13. Celi P. The role of oxidative stress in small ruminants’ health
34
and production. R BrasZootec. 2010;39: 348-363.
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14. Celi P, Gabai G. Oxidant/antioxidant balance inanimal nutrition
36
and health: the roleof protein oxidation. Frontiers in
37
VetSci. 2015; 2: 1-13.
38
15. Kirmizigul AH., Orgun M., Ozen H., Erkilic EE., Gokce E.,
39
Karman M., Kukurt A. Oxidative stress and total sialic acid
40
levels in sheep naturally infected with pox virus. Pak Vet J.
41
2016;36: 312-315.
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16. Kizil O., Ozdemir H., Karahan M., Kizil M. Oxidative stress and
43
alterations of antioxidant status in goats naturally infected with
44
mycoplasma agalactiae. Revue MedVet. 2007; 158:326-330.
45
17. Valyi-Nagy T, Olson SJ, Valyi-Nagy K, Montine TJ, DermodyTS.
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Herpes simplex virus type 1 latency in the murine nervous
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system is associated with oxidative damage to neurons.
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Virol. 2000; 278: 309-321.
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simplex virus induces neural oxidative damage via microglial
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cell Toll-like receptor-2. JNeuroinflammation. 2010; 7:35.
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19. Tawadrous GA, Aziz AA, Amin DG, Eldemery A, Mostafa
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MAA. RANTES, TNF-alpha, oxidative stress, and hematologicalabnormalities
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in hepatitis C virus infection. J Invest Med.
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2012; 60:878–882.
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20. Phanka M. Role of oxidative stress in infectious diseases: a
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review. Folia Microbiol. 2013; 58:503–513.
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21. Goth L. A simple method for determination of serum catalase
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activity and revision of reference range. ClinChimActa. 1991;
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196:143–151.
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of superoxide dismutase. ClinChem 1988; 34: 497-500.
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68
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation the latex agglutination test for detection of the causative agents of bacterial mastitis in milk samples
Mastitis is the main disease in dairy farms that causes serious losses. The early diagnosis and specific treatment can prevent the spread of the disease and the economic losses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the latex agglutination assay for detection of the main bacterial mastitis agents. The antiserum against Staphylococcus aureus, Trueperella pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli were prepared from immunized rabbits. The couplings of antibodies to latex particles were optimized and after that, the limit of detection (LOD) of latex agglutination test was evaluated for detection of the mentioned bacteria. The detection limit for the Streptococcus agalactiae, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and T. pyogenes were respectively 1.3×103, 2×107, 1.58×104 and 5.4×104 colony-forming unit per each milliliter of the bacterial suspensions. The prepared latex test has more sensitivity in the setting of phosphate buffered saline than in contaminated milk samples. This method can be used for the fast detection of the mentioned bacteria in bacterial cultures and milk samples. The latex agglutination test could be evaluated as a fast, cost benefit, and practical method in dairy farms.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29889_611abbd5c66bf3bb8bf7088106d1a40c.pdf
2018-03-01
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54
10.22067/veterinary.v2i10.73451
mastitis
Agglutination
Latex
Mohammad
Khosravi
m.khosravi@scu.ac.ir
1
Shahid Chamran University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Bafandeh Dehaghi
m.bafande71@gmail.com
2
Shahid Chamran University
AUTHOR
Saad
Gooraninezhad
goorani_s@scu.ac.ir
3
Shahid Chamran University
AUTHOR
Masood
Ghorbanpoor
m.ghorbanpoor1967@gmail.com
4
Shahid Chamran University
AUTHOR
Darioush
Gharibi
d.gharibi@scu.ac.ir
5
Shahid Chamran University
AUTHOR
1. Souto LI, Minagawa CY, Telles EO, Garbuglio MA, Amaku M,
1
Melville PA. Correlation between mastitis occurrence and
2
the count of microorganisms in bulk raw milk of bovine dairy
3
herds in four selective culture media. Journal of Dairy Research.
4
2010; 77; 63-70.
5
2. Radositi OM, Gay CC, Blood DC, Hinchcliff KW. Veterinary
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Medicine 9th edition. Saunders ltd, London 2000; pp: 603-
7
3. Donovan DM, Kerr DE, Wall RJ. Engineering disease resistant
8
cattle. Transgenic Research. 2005; 14; 563-567.
9
4. Thomsone K, Rantala M, Hautala M, Pyorala S, Kaartinen L.
10
Cross-sectional prospective survey to study indication-based
11
usage of antimicrobials in animals: Results of use in cattle.
12
BMC Veterinary Research. 2008;14; 4-15.
13
5. Hillerton JE, Berry EA. Treating mastitis in the cow–a tradition
14
or an archaism. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2005; 98;
15
1250-1255.
16
6. Hope A. Laboratory Handbook on Bovine Mastitis.
17
Australian Veterinary Journal. 2000; 78; 488.
18
doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2000.tb11869.x
19
7. Barkema HW, Schukken YH, Zadoks RN. The role of cow,
20
pathogen, and treatment regimen in the therapeutic success
21
of bovine Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Journal of Dairy
22
Science. 2006; 89; 1877–1895.
23
8. Pitkala A, Gindonis V, Wallin H, Honkanen-Buzalski T. Interlaboratory
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proficiency testing as a tool for improving performance
25
in laboratories diagnosing bovine mastitis. Journal of
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Dairy Science . 2005; 88; 553–559.
27
9. Malou N, Raoult D. Immuno-PCR: a promising ultrasensitive
28
diagnostic method to detect antigens and antibodies. Trends
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in Microbiology. 2011; 19; 295–302.
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10. Willey JM. Prescott, Harley, and Klein’s Microbiology.7thed.
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New York: McGraw Hill 2008; 11; 10-88.
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11. Schepers AJ. Estimation of variance components for somatic
33
cell counts to determine thresholds for uninfected quarters.
34
Journal of Dairy Science. 1997; 80; 1833–1840.
35
12. Pilla R. Differential cell count as an alternative method to diagnose
36
dairy cow mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science. 2013; 96;
37
1653–1660.
38
13. Hovinen M. Accuracy and reliability of mastitis detection with
39
electrical conductivity and milk colour measurement in automatic
40
milking. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section AAnimal
41
Science. 2006; 56: 121–127.
42
14. Duarte M, Freitas PP, Bexiga R. Technological advances in
43
bovine mastitis diagnosis: an overview. Journal of veterinary
44
diagnostic investigation. 2015; 27: 665-672.
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15. Litwin SD. Agglutination with Antigen on Inert Particles. I.
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Latex Fixation Technique. Methods in Immunology and Immunochemistry.
47
1977; 5: 115-120.
48
16. Hay FC, Westwood OMR. Practical Immunology, fourth ed.
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Blackwell Publishing Company, Malden. 2002; pp: 14–15.
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17. Hechemy K, Stevens RW, Gaafar HA. Detection of Escherichia
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coli antigens by a latex agglutination test. Applied Microbiology.
52
1974; 28: 306-311.
53
18. Hajra TK, Bag PK, Khan A, Das SC, Ramamurthy T, Mukherjee
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S. Development of a simple latex agglutination assay for
55
detection of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)
56
by using polyclonalantibody against STEC. Clinical and Vaccine
57
Immunology. 2007; 5: 600-604.
58
19. Das A, Ray P, Sharma M, Gopalan S. Rapid diagnosis of vaginal
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carriage of group B beta haemolytic streptococcus by enrichment cum antigen detection test.
60
Indian Journal of Medical Research.2003; 117: 247-252.
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20. Sumithra TG, Chaturvedi VK, Gupta
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PK, Sunita SC, Rai AK, Kutty MVH,
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Murugan MS. Development of a simple
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and rapid method for the specific
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identification of organism causing
66
anthrax by slide latex agglutination.
67
Applied Microbiology. 2014; 58: 401-
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21. Gregson DB, Low DE, Skulnick M, Simor
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AE. Problems with rapid agglutination
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methods for identification of
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staphylococcus aureus when staphylococcus
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1988; 26: 1398-1399.
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M, Azza SM, Abuelnaga EA,
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Elgabry A, Mansou SM. Advanced
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Detection of Staphylococcus aureus
79
Enterotoxins in Milk. Global Veterinaria.
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2013; 4: 403-405.
81
23. Moser A, Stephan R, Corti S, Johler.
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Comparison of genomic and antimicrobial
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resistance features of latex
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agglutination test-positive and latex
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agglutination test-negative Staphylococcus
86
aureus isolates causing bovine
87
mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science.
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2013; 96: 329-334.
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24. Ortega-Vinuesa, JL, Bastos-Gonzalez
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100
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of lemon (Citrus lemon) pumace powder supplementation on growth performance, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation biomarkers in some tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of lemon pumace powder (peel and pulp), as an inexpensive and valuable source of nutrient in diet of common carp. Fish (60 ± 5 g) were divided randomly into four groups of 30 each. Group 1 fish were fed with basic diet, serving as the control. Fish in group 2 and 3 and 4 were fed the basic diet supplemented with 1.5%, 3% and 5% lemon pumace powder, respectively. Results showed that growth performance including final weight, weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) significantly increased as compared to control. Malondialdehyde (MDA) values of muscle significantly increased as compared to control in all treatment groups and the decreeing effect of lemon pumace powder on malondialdehyde (MDA) values of kidney and liver was only significant in group 4, when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Protein carbonyl contents were significantly decreased in kidney and liver in group 3 and 4 as compared to control group and protein carbonyl of muscle significantly decreased as compared to control in all treatment groups. FRAP values of liver significantly increased only in group 3 as compared to control, and FRAP values of kidney and muscle significantly increased only in group 4 as compared to control (p < 0.05). These data suggest that supplementation of 5% lemon pumace powder to be more effective than its lower levels in strengthening the antioxidant system against oxidative stress.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29924_4b93f4a17cf015724d4da229c3daf7a1.pdf
2018-03-01
55
63
10.22067/veterinary.v2i10.73469
Antioxidant
common carp
Lipid peroxidation
Protein carbonyls
Sara
Safaeian laein
safaeian.sara@mail.um.ac.ir
1
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
Amir
salari
a-salari@um.ac.ir
2
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
Davar
Shahsavani
shahsavani@um.ac.ir
3
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hasan
Baghshani
baghishani@um.ac.ir
4
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
1. EFSA. Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for fats,
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including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids,
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monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol.
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and beef hemoglobins. Meat Sci. 2002;62:157–163.
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and quality changes of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) muscle
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during iced storage. Food Chem. 2011;124:459–467.
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5. Maqsood S, Benjakul S, Kamal-Eldin A. Haemoglobinmediated
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pectins and pectic oligosaccharides derived from lemon peel
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E, Govaris A, Papgeorgiol G. The
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