ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Subclinical Hypocalcemia in Dairy Cows: Pathophysiology, Consequences and Monitoring
Milk fever and subclinical hypocalcemia are the most important macro-mineral metabolic disorders that affect transition dairy cows. Many studies have shown that cows with subclinical hypocalcemia are also prone to many diseases and disorders. The drain of Calcium (Ca) during early lactation represents a significant increase in Ca demand over that for late fetal growth and physiological maintenance. The requirements of the mammary gland for Ca often exceeds the ability of the cow to replenish the plasma Ca pools. Blood Ca concentrations remarkably decline in dairy cows around calving, with the lowest concentrations occurring about 12 to 24 hours after calving. To maintain Ca homeostasis after calving, at the start of lactation, Ca compensating mechanisms are activated. These mechanisms involve a coordinated effort among the hormones 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin. Hypocalcemia is associated with an increased risk of several important health conditions such as mastitis, retained placenta, metritis, abomasum displacement and immune insufficiency, particularly in transition period. The incidence of subclinical hypocalcemia approaches 40-50% in multiparous cows after calving in dairy herds. In spite of developments in preventive approaches, tremendous economical impact of hypocalcemia on health, production and fertility of dairy cows is a major concern for dairy herd owners. The paramount advances in dairy health have been the paradigm shift from treatment of clinical illness to disease prevention and redefining disease more broadly, to include subclinical conditions. Herd-based tests are now available for use in routine herd monitoring and for investigating dairy herds with metabolic subclinical problems. This review provides the criteria for hypocalcemia monitoring and interpretation of the results in dairy herds.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29243_68af83d83cb54e85516c85738930a2bc.pdf
2017-01-01
1
15
10.22067/veterinary.v9i2.69198
milk fever
hypocalcemia
subclinical
Dairy cow
Monitoring
Hesam A.
Seifi
haseifi@um.ac.ir
1
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
LEAD_AUTHOR
Samuel
Kia
2
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Histopathological changes in experimental infestation of Paederus fuscipes in rats
The genus Paederus consists of approximately 621 species associated with outbreaks of dermatitis. Our aim was to determine gross and microscopic changes induced by Paederus fuscipes. Adult P. fuscipes beetles were collected from infested house and then sent to laboratory. In the first group beetles were placed on the shaved parts over the shoulders of each rat. In the second group smashed insect materials were rubbed over the ear of examined animals. Gross changes after 12 hr were noticed as erythematous papules and in 72 hr the red elevated area became bigger and swollen. Microscopic examination revealed edema and mild infiltration of inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and eosinophils) after 12 hr, cell swelling and vacuolar degeneration in basal and squamous cells after 24 hr, but by 72 hr the epidermal cells were necrotic with intense accumulation of fluid and vesicles formation. Gross and microscopic changes were compared between rats exposed with squeezed beetle materials and rats exposed to live beetles. The typical gross changes were maculopapuls on the skin that histologically showed dermal edema and infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29378_238594df27912adb8a9d57d65afc0aa8.pdf
2017-01-01
16
20
10.22067/veterinary.v9i2.64024
Beetle
Paederus fuscipes
Dermatitis
Histopathologic
Rat
Mousa
Tavassoli
m.tavassoli@urmia.ac.ir
1
Urmia University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aliasghar
Tehrani
manijehid@yahoo.com
2
Urmia University
AUTHOR
Javad
Mahdavi Ghajari
javadmahdavi65@yahoo.com
3
Urmia University
AUTHOR
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20. Ahmed MS, Boraei HA, Rakha OM. Histopathological characterization of induced Paederus dermatitis caused by Egyptian rove beetles (Paederus alfierii). Beni-Suef Univ J Appl Sci. 2013;2:108 -13.
20
21. Tavassoli M, Tabatabaei M, Mohammadi M, Esmaeilnejad B, Mohamadpour H. PCR-based Detection of Babesia spp. Infection in Collected Ticks from Cattle in West and North-West of Iran. J Arthpod Borne Dis. 2013;7:132– 38.
21
22. Tavassoli E, Zare S, Ghaderi Pakdel F, Tehrani AA, Tavassoli M. Histopathological Features of Ornithodoros lahorensis Bite on Rat. Iran J Parasitol. 2007;2:17-24.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A survey on Feline Leukemia virus infection in cats of Ahvaz district, Iran: Seroprevalence and risk factors
The purpose of the present survey was to determine the seroprevalence rate of FeLV in cats in Ahvaz district, South-West of Iran, as well as, risk factors such as age, gender, breed, life style and clinical findings were evaluated. Blood samples were collected from 60 companion and 124 stray cats and antibody titers were measured against FeLV with ELISA kits. The seroprevalence was obtained 79.89% (95% CI: 74.1-85.68 percent). Chi-square test showed a significant relationship between age groups and infection (p < 0.01). Infection rate in cats with age below 2 years was significantly less than cats between 3-4 years (p < 0.05) and above 4 years old (p < 0.01). Also the seroprevalence was significantly higher in domestic short hair breed than Persian (p < 0.01). The seroprevalence was higher in stray cats than companion, nevertheless, the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the seroprevalence was very high in cat’s population of Ahvaz district and there was a significant difference between clinical findings and serological results.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29410_b3eeddd1c999007e2f491de663ea9671.pdf
2017-01-01
21
27
10.22067/veterinary.v9i2.63968
Serology
Prevalence
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)
cat
Faezeh
Zarmehi Shahrebabak
fz.zarmehi@gmail.com
1
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Pourmahdi Borujeni
pourmahdim@scu.ac.ir
2
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bahman
Mosallanejad
bmosallanejad@scu.ac.ir
3
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
AUTHOR
Masoud Reza
Seyfi َAbad Shapouri
masoudrs@scu.ac.ir
4
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
AUTHOR
1. Akhtardanesh B, Ziaali N, Sharifi H, Rezaei S. Feline immunodeficiency virus, Feline leukemia virus and Toxoplasma gondii in stray and household cats in Kerman–Iran: Seroprevalence and correlation with clinical and laboratory findings. Research in Veterinary Science. 2010 Oct;89(2):306-10.
1
2. Alves F, de Souza Rajao D, Del Puerto HL, Braz GF, Leite RC, Mazur C, et al. Occurrence of Feline immunodeficiency virus and Feline leukemia virus infection in cats. American Journal of Animal Veterinary Science. 2011;6(3):125-9.
2
3. Bandecchi P, Matteucci D, Baldinotti F, Guidi G, Abramo F, Tozzini F, et al. Prevalence of Feline immunodeficiency virus and other retroviral infections in sick cats in Italy. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 1992 Mar;31(3-4):337-45.
3
4. Beatty JA, Tasker S, Jarrett O, Lam A, Gibson S, Noe-Nordberg A, et al. Markers of Feline leukaemia virus infection or exposure in cats from a region of low seroprevalence. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2011 Dec;13(12):92733.
4
5. Cattori V, Tandon R, Riond B, Pepin AC, Lutz H, Hofmann-Lehmann R. The kinetics of Feline leukaemia virus shedding in experimentally infected cats are associated with infection outcome. Veterinary Microbiology. 2009 Jan 13;133(3):292-6.
5
6. Feldman BF, Zinkl JG, Jain NC, Schalm OW. Reference values. In: Schalm OW, editor. Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology, 6st ed. Blackwell Publishing; 2006.
6
7. Goldkamp CE, Levy JK, Edinboro CH, Lachtara JL. Seroprevalences of Feline leukemia virus and Feline immunodeficiency virus in cats with abscesses or bite wounds and rate of veterinarian compliance with current guidelines for retrovirus testing. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2008 Apr;232(8):1152-8.
7
8. Hartmann K. Feline Leukemia Virus Infection. In: Greene, CE, editor. Infectious Disease of the Dog and Cat. Vol.1, 4rd ed. Elsevier Health Sciences, Saunders Company; 2012.
8
9. Hitt ME, Spangler L, McCarville C. Prevalence of Feline immunodeficiency virus in submissions of feline serum to a diagnostic laboratory in Atlantic Canada. The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 1992 Nov;33(11):723-6.
9
10. Hofmann-Lehmann R, Huder JB, Gruber S, Boretti F, Sigrist B, Lutz H. Feline leukaemia provirus load during the course
10
of experimental infection and in naturally infected cats. Journal of General Virology. 2001 Jul;82(7):1589-96.
11
11. Jamshidi S, Saedi A, Bokaie S. Seroepidemiological study of Feline leukemia virus in stray and domestic cats of Tehran. Journal of Veterinary Research. 2008;63:317–9.
12
12. Jarret O, Hosie MJ. Feline leukemia virus infection. In: Chandler EA, Gaskell CJ, Gaskell RM, editors. Feline Medicine and Therapeutics. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell; 2004.
13
13. Katrin, H. Feline Leukemia Virus Infection. In: Greene CE, editor. Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. Saunders; 2006.
14
14. Lee IT, Levy JK, Gorman SP, Crawford PC, Slater MR. Prevalence of Feline leukemia virus infection and serum antibodies against Feline immunodeficiency virus in unowned free-roaming cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2002 Mar;220(5):620-2.
15
15. Levy JK, Crawford PC. Feline leukemia virus. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, editors. Textbook of veterinary internal medicine. Vol.1, 7th ed., St. Louis, Elsevier Saunders; 2010.
16
16. Levy J, Crawford C, Hartmann K, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Little S, Sundahl E, et al. 2008 American Association of Feline Practitioners’ feline retrovirus management guidelines. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2008 Jun;10(3):300-16.
17
17. Levy JK, Scott HM, Lachtara JL, Crawford PC. Seroprevalence of Feline leukemia virus and Feline immunodeficiency virus infection among cats in North America and risk factors for seropositivity. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2006 Feb;228(3):371-6.
18
18. Little S, Sears W, Lachtara J, Bienzle D. Seroprevalence of Feline leukemia virus and Feline immunodeficiency virus infection among cats in Canada. Canadian Veterinary Journal. 2009 Jun; 50(6):644-8.
19
19. Malik R, Kendall K, Cridland J, Coulston S, Stuart AJ, Snow D, et al. Prevalences of Feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections in cats in Sydney. Australian Veterinary Journal. 1997 May;75(5):323-7.
20
20. Maruyama S, Kabeya H, Nakao R, Tanaka S, Sakai T, Xuan X, et al. Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae, Toxoplasma gondii, FIV and FeLV infections in domestic cats in Japan. Microbiology Immunology. 2003;47(2):147-53.
21
21. Muirden A. Prevalence of Feline leukaemia virus and antibodies to Feline immunodeficiency virus and feline coronavirus in stray cats sent to an RSPCA hospital. Veterinary Research. 2002 May;150(20):621-5.
22
22. Najafi H, Madadgar O, Jamshidi S, Ghalyanchi Langeroudi A, Darzi Lemraski M. Molecular and clinical study on prevalence of Feline herpesvirus type 1 and calicivirus in correlation with Feline leukemia and immunodeficiency viruses. Veterinary Research Forum. 2014 Autumn;5(4):255-61.
23
23. Nakamura K, Miyazawa T, Ikeda Y, Sato E, Nishimura Y, Nguyen NT, et al. Contrastive prevalence of feline retrovirus infections between northern and southern Vietnam. J Vet Med Sci. 2001 Aug;63(8):921-3.
24
24. O’Connor TP Jr, Tonelli QJ, Scarlett JM. Report of the National FeLV/FIV Awareness Project. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 1991 Nov;199(10):1348-53.
25
25. Shahrani F, Doosti A, Arshi A. Molecular study for detection of Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) in Iranian cats. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2011 Aug;5(15):2103-6.
26
26. Sherding, RG. Feline Leukemia Virus. In: Brichard SJ, Sherding RG, editors. WB Saunders Manual of Small Animal Practice. 3rd ed. Saunders Company; 2006.
27
27. Sukhumavasi W, Bellosa ML, Lucio-Forster A, Liotta JL, Lee AC, Pornmingmas P, et al. Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii, Dirofilaria immitis, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) and Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) infections in pet cats in Bangkok and vicinities, Thailand. Veterinary parasitology. 2012 Aug;188(1-2):25-30.
28
28. Sukura A, Salminen T, Lindberg LA. A survey of FIV antibodies and FeLV antigens in free-roaming cats in the capital area of Finland. Acta Veterinary Scandinavica. 1992;33(1):9-14.
29
29. Torkan S, Momtaz H, Jafarian Dehkordi M, Khamesipour F. Molecular study of the prevalence of Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) in Iranian domestic cats from blood samples by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in Iran. Int. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences. 2014;4(2):728-33.
30
30. Yilmaz H, Ilgaz A, Harbour DA. Prevalence of FIV and FeLV infections in cats in Istanbul. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2000 Mar;2(1):69-70.
31
31. Yuksek N, Kaya A, Altug N, Ozkan C, Agaoglu ZT. Prevalence of Feline retrovirus infections in van cats. Bulletin of Veterinary Institution Pulawy. 2005;49:375-7.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Detection of Mycoplasma bovis in bulk tank milk samples by nested PCR in Mashhad, Iran
Mycoplasma bovis is a highly contagious major mastitis pathogen with multiple clinical presentations in dairy cows. This kind of mastitis does not respond to available antibiotics and actually there is no effective therapy for this infection, thus the best way of prevention and control is to diagnose and cull the affected cows in the herd. The objective of this study was to detect Mycoplasma bovis in bulk tank milk samples by nested PCR in Mashhad, Iran. One hundred and four fresh bulk tank milk samples from 52 dairy herds were collected four weeks apart. Mycoplasma bovis was not detected from any of them by either direct PCR on milk or after enrichment in modified Hayflick’s broth. Two other mycoplasma species were detected after enrichment and one other mycoplasma species without enrichment by mycoplasma spp. primer. Sequencing of the PCR products from two positive samples confirmed the presence of mycoplasma that were Mycoplasma canadense and Mycoplasma yeatsii.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29463_64da64165bfd0ee0f165766c8eb5fffb.pdf
2017-01-01
28
32
10.22067/veterinary.v9i2.57678
Mycoplasma bovis
milk tank
Mashhad
Nested PCR
Mehran
Dabiri
mrndabiri@gmail.com
1
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
Pezhman
Mirshokraei
pejmanmir@gmail.com
2
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
Mehrnaz
Rad
rad@um.ac.ir
3
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
AUTHOR
babak
Khoramian
khoramian@um.ac.ir
4
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Gonzalez RN, Wilson DJ. Mycoplasmal mastitis in dairy herds. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 2003;19[1]:199-221.
1
2. Jasper D, Dellinger J, Rollins M, Hakanson H. Prevalence of mycoplasmal bovine mastitis in California. American journal of veterinary research. 1979;40[7]:1043-7.
2
3. Jasper D. The role of Mycoplasma in bovine mastitis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 1982;181[2]:158-62.
3
4. Bushnell RB. Mycoplasma mastitis. The Veterinary clinics of North America Large animal practice. 1984;6[2]:301-12.
4
5. Gonzalez R, Merill R, Sears P. Shedding of Mycoplasma bovis from the udder of naturally infected cows and its importance for the diagnosis of bovine intramammary infections. Journal of dairy science. 1992;75[Suppl 1]:259.
5
6. Sachse K, Pfützner H, Hotzel H, Demuth B, Heller M, Berthold E. Comparison of various diagnostic methods for the detection of Mycoplasma bovis. Revue scientifique et technique [International Office of Epizootics]. 1993;12[2]:571-80.
6
7. Ghazaei C. Mycoplasmal mastitis in dairy cows in the Moghan region of Ardabil State, Iran: short communication. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association. 2006;77[4]:222-3.
7
8. Cremonesi P, Perez G, Pisoni G, Moroni P, Morandi S, Luzzana M, et al. Detection of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus isolates in raw milk cheese. Letters in applied microbiology. 2007;45[6]:586-91.
8
9. Hotzel H, Sachase K, Pfützner H. Rapid detection of Mycoplasma bovis in milk samples and nasal swabs using the polymerase chain reaction. Journal of applied bacteriology. 1996;80[5]:505-10.
9
10. Ghadersohi A, Coelen R, Hirst R. Development of a specific DNA probe and PCR for the detection of Mycoplasma bovis. Veterinary microbiology. 1997;56[1]:87-98.
10
11. Pinnow C, Butler J, Sachse K, Hotzel H, Timms L, Rosenbusch R. Detection of Mycoplasma bovis in preservative-treated field milk samples. Journal of dairy science. 2001;84[7]:1640-5.
11
12. Cai HY, Bell-Rogers P, Parker L, Prescott JF. Development of a real-time PCR for detection of Mycoplasma bovis in bovine milk and lung samples. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation. 2005;17[6]:537-45.
12
13. Bashiruddin JB, Frey J, Königsson MH, Johansson K-E, Hotzel H, Diller R, et al. Evaluation of PCR systems for the identification and differentiation of Mycoplasma agalactiae and Mycoplasma bovis: a collaborative trial. The Veterinary Journal. 2005;169[2]:268-75.
13
14. McDonald W, Rawdon T, Fitzmaurice J, Bolotovski I, Voges H, Humphrey S, et al. Survey of bulk tank milk in New Zealand for Mycoplasma bovis, using species-specific nested PCR and culture. New Zealand veterinary journal. 2009;57[1]:44-9.
14
15. Fox L, Hancock D, Mickelson A, Britten A, Kaaden OR. Bulk tank milk analysis: factors associated with appearance of Mycoplasma sp. in milk. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B. 2003;50[5]:235-40.
15
16. Filioussis G, Christodoulopoulos G, Thatcher A, Petridou V, Bourtzi-Chatzopoulou E. Isolation of Mycoplasma bovis from bovine clinical mastitis cases in Northern Greece. The Veterinary Journal. 2007;173[1]:215-8.
16
17. Passchyn P, Piepers S, De Meulemeester L, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, De Vliegher S. Between-herd prevalence of Mycoplasma bovis in bulk milk in Flanders, Belgium. Research in veterinary science. 2012;92[2]:21920.
17
18. Baas E, Trotter S, Franklin R, Barile M. Epidemic caprine keratoconjunctivitis: recovery of Mycoplasma conjunctivae and its possible role in pathogenesis. Infection and immunity. 1977;18[3]:806-15.
18
19. Lierz M, Hagen N, Harcourt-Brown N, Hernandez-Divers SJ, Lüschow D, Hafez HM. Prevalence of mycoplasmas in eggs from birds of prey using culture and a genus-specific mycoplasma polymerase chain reaction. Avian Pathology. 2007;36[2]:145-50.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Immune response characteristics of Capri pox virus vaccines following emergency vaccination of cattle against lumpy skin disease virus
In this research immune response characteristics of two available heterologous vaccines including Gorgan goat pox virus (GPV) and Romanian sheep pox virus (SPV) vaccines against lumpy skin disease have been examined, by using the monitoring of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in vaccinated calves in the field. The evaluation of humoral immune response showed that the neutralizing antibody titers in both vaccinated groups started at day 7 post-vaccination, then reached to the protective level at day 21 post-vaccination and persisted till 35 day post-vaccination. The neutralizing antibody titers in GPV-vaccinated calves (GVC) the ratio was higher than SPV-vaccinated calves (RVC), and on days 21 and 35 post-vaccination were significantly different (p
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29554_bb8b2356b56ddf40aa7150f195e8b4e7.pdf
2017-01-01
33
40
10.22067/veterinary.v9i2.65381
Goat Pox Virus
Sheep Pox Virus
Lumpy skin disease
IL-4
IFN-γ
hamid Reza
varshovi
norian.reza@gmail.com
1
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute
AUTHOR
Reza
Norian
norian.reza@yahoo.com
2
Urmia University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbas
Azadmehr
a.azadmehr@mubabol.ac.ir
3
Babol University of Medical Sciences
AUTHOR
nahideh
afzal ahangaran
n.afzalahangaran@urmia.ac.ir
4
Urmia University
AUTHOR
1. OIE. Manual of Diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. paris: World Organization for Animal Health; 2004. p. 1-17.
1
2. Frederick A. Murphy, E. Paul J. Gibbs, Marian C. Horzinek, Michael J. Studdert. Veterinary Virology. Hardcover: Academic Press 1999. 629 p.
2
3. Carn VM. Control of capripoxvirus infections. Vaccine. 1993;11(13):1275-9.
3
4. OIE. Lumpy skin diseas; Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. paris: World Organization for Animal Health; 2010. p. 1-13.
4
5. Davies FG. Lumpy skin disease, an African capripox virus disease of cattle. The British veterinary journal. 1991;147(6):489-503.
5
6. Tilahun Z, Berecha B, Simenew K, Reta D. Towards Effective Vaccine Production: A Controlled Field Trial on the Immunological Response of Three Lumpy Skin Disease Vaccine Strains in Dairy Farms. 2014.
6
7. El-Kholy AA, Soliman HMT, Abdelrahman KA. Polymerase chain reaction for rapid diagnosis of a recent lumpy skin disease virus incursion to Egypt. Arab Journal of Biotechnology. 2008;11(2):293-302.
7
8. Kitching RP. Vaccines for lumpy skin disease, sheep pox and goat pox. Developments in biologicals. 2003;114:161-7.
8
9. Carn VM, Kitching RP. The clinical response of cattle experimentally infected with lumpy skin disease (Neethling) virus. Arch Virol. 1995;140(3):503-13.
9
10. Gari G, Abie G, Gizaw D, Wubete A, Kidane M, Asgedom H, et al. Evaluation of the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of three capripoxvirus vaccine strains against lumpy skin disease virus. Vaccine. 2015;33(28):3256-61.
10
11. Kitching RP, Hammond JM, Taylor WP. A single vaccine for the control of capripox infection in sheep and goats. Research in veterinary science. 1987;42(1):53-60.
11
12. Davies FG, Otema C. Relationships of capripox viruses found in Kenya with two Middle Eastern strains and some orthopox viruses. Research in veterinary science. 1981;31(2):253-5.
12
13. Varshovi HR, Keyvanfar H, Aghaiypour K, Pourbakhsh SA, Shooshtari AH, Aghaebrahimian M. Capripoxvirus identification by PCR based on P32 gene Archives of Razi Institute. 2009;64(No.1):19-25.
13
14. Tuppurainen ES, Oura CA. Review: lumpy skin disease: an emerging threat to Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Transboundary and emerging diseases. 2012;59(1):40-8.
14
15. Brenner J, Bellaiche M, Gross E, Elad D, Oved Z, Haimovitz M, et al. Appearance of skin lesions in cattle populations vaccinated against lumpy skin disease: statutory challenge. Vaccine. 2009;27(10):1500-3.
15
16. Coetzer JAW. Lumpy skin disease; Infectious Diseases of Livestock. Oxford University Press2004.
16
17. OIE. Manual of recommended diagnostic techniques and requirements for biological products. World Organization for Animal Health: Rue de Prony; 1992. p. 1-5.
17
18. Diallo A, Viljoen GJ. Genus capripoxvirus. Poxviruses: Springer; 2007. p. 167-81.
18
19. Blanco E, McCullough K, Summerfield A, Fiorini J, Andreu D, Chiva C, et al. Interspecies major histocompatibility complex-restricted Th cell epitope on footand-mouth disease virus capsid protein VP4. Journal of virology. 2000;74(10):4902-7.
19
20. Rodriguez A, Saiz JC, Novella IS, Andreu D, Sobrino F. Antigenic specificity of porcine T cell response against foot-and-mouth disease virus structural proteins: identification of T helper epitopes in VP1. Virology. 1994;205(1):2433.
20
21. Eble PL, de Bruin MG, Bouma A, van Hemert-Kluitenberg F, Dekker A. Comparison of immune responses after intra-typic heterologous and homologous vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in pigs. Vaccine. 2006;24(9):1274-81.
21
22. Ryan JE, Dhiman N, Ovsyannikova IG, Vierkant RA, Pankratz VS, Poland GA. Response surface methodology to determine optimal cytokine responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after smallpox vaccination. Journal of immunological methods. 2009;341(1-2):97-105.
22
23. Barnett PV, Cox SJ, Aggarwal N, Gerber H, McCullough KC. Further studies on the early protective responses of pigs following immunisation with high potency foot and mouth disease vaccine. Vaccine. 2002;20(25-26):3197-208.
23
24. Rigden RC, Carrasco CP, Barnett PV, Summerfield A, McCullough KC. Innate immune responses following emergency vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus in pigs. Vaccine. 2003;21(13– 14):1466-77.
24
25. Barman D, Chatterjee A, Guha C, Biswas U, Sarkar J, Roy TK, et al. Estimation of post-vaccination antibody titre against goat pox and determination of protective antibody titre. Small Ruminant Research. 2010;93(2):76-8.
25
26. Heba A. Khafagy MGA, Abdelmoneim M. Mustafa , Mohamed A. Saad, AA. Preparation and field evaluationof live attenuated sheep pox vaccine for protection of calves against lumpy skin disease Benha Veterinary Medical Journal. 2016;31(2):1-7.
26
27. Mohamed G.Abdelwahab HAK, Abdelmoneim M. Moustafa, Mohamed A. Saad. Evaluation of Humoral and Cell-mediated Immunity of Lumpy Skin Disease Vaccine Prepared from Local strainin calves and Its Related to Maternal Immunity. Journal of American Science. 2016;21(10).
27
28. de Swart RL, Kluten RM, Huizing CJ, Vedder LJ, Reijnders PJ, Visser IK, et al. Mitogen and antigen induced B and T cell responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina). Veterinary immunology and immunopathology. 1993;37(34):217-30.
28
29. Barnard AL, Arriens A, Cox S, Barnett P, Kristensen B, Summerfield A, et al. Immune response characteristics following emergency vaccination of pigs against foot-and-mouth disease. Vaccine. 2005;23(8):1037-47.
29
30. Saiz JC, Rodriguez A, Gonzalez M, Alonso F, Sobrino F. Heterotypic lymphoproliferative response in pigs vaccinated with foot-andmouth disease virus. Involvement of isolated capsid proteins. The Journal of general virology. 1992;73 (Pt 10):2601-7.
30
31. Delirezh N, Norian R, Azadmehr A. Changes in some pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced by bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells following foot and mouth disease vaccination. Archives of Razi Institute. 2016;71(3):199-207.
31
32. Amira AE-S. Evaluation of lumpy skin disease virus vaccine using cell-mediated immune parameters: faculty of veterinary; 1997.
32
33. Olfat EN, Samir SS, Manal A, Soad MS, Daoud AM. Studies on cell mediated immune response of Goats vaccinated with Goat pox vaccine. Vet Med Zag zagreb2002.
33
34. Nfon CK, Marszal P, Zhang S, Weingartl HM. Innate Immune Response to Rift Valley Fever Virus in Goats. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2012;6(4):e1623.
34
35. Reed LJ, Muench H. A SIMPLE METHOD OF ESTIMATING FIFTY PER CENT ENDPOINTS12. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1938;27(3):493-7.
35
36. Babiuk S, Bowden TR, Boyle DB, Wallace DB, Kitching RP. Capripoxviruses: An Emerging Worldwide Threat to Sheep, Goats and Cattle. Transboundary and emerging diseases. 2008;55(7):26372.
36
37. Gari G, Biteau-Coroller F, LeGoff C, Caufour P, Roger F. Evaluation of indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for the diagnosis and screening of lumpy skin disease using Bayesian method. Veterinary microbiology. 2008;129(3–4):26980.
37
38. Kondo T, Sugiura T, Kamada M, Imagawa H. Colorimetric Assay of Equine Peripheral Lymphocyte Blastogenesis Using MTT. Journal of Equine Science. 1996;7(3):63-6.
38
39. Norian R, Delirezh N, Azadmehr A. Evaluation of proliferation and cytokines production by mitogen-stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Veterinary Research Forum. 2015;6(4):265-71.
39
40. Katial RK, Sachanandani D, Pinney C, Lieberman MM. Cytokine production in cell culture by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from immunocompetent hosts. Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology. 1998;5(1):78-81.
40
41. Norian R, Delirezh N, Azadmehr A. Evaluation of proliferation and cytokines production by mitogen-stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal. 2015;6(4):265-71.
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Detection and identification of avian adenovirus in broiler chickens suspected of inclusion body hepatitis in Khuzestan, Iran during 2015-2016
Avian adenoviruses (AAV) are known as a very diverse group of pathogens causing a variety of clinical symptoms or being totally asymptomatic in poultry flocks. The aim of this study was the molecular detection of avian adenoviruses in broiler flocks suspected of the IBH and respiratory syndrome in the southwest of Iran. For this intent, the liver and lung samples with macroscopic lesions were collected from 30 different poultry flocks (poultry of slaughterhouse and flock mortalities). Subsequently, DNA was extracted from samples and examined using PCR. The L1 (Loop1) region of the hexon gene was amplified. PCR products were sequenced to reveal the identity of the avian adenoviruses. The data resulted from the nucleotide sequencing were analyzed using programs and services provided by National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The results showed that the pools of liver samples from a 25 days old flock were positive in the PCR test. Based on the sequence data, adenoviruses belonged to the D genotype of avian adenoviruses. In phylogenetic analysis, FADV isolates were closely related to the FADV-11 isolates of Iran, China, Canada and Australia with nucleotide homology up to 99%. This is the first study on molecular detection and analyzing the nucleotide sequence of hexon gene fragment of FADV in broiler farms in Southwest Iran.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29593_9a0cfe30f4aade579d9e2623c93aa3ab.pdf
2017-01-01
41
45
10.22067/veterinary.v9i2.66216
Avian adenovirus
Broiler
FADV-11
IBH
Southwest Iran
Parisasadat
Tabib Ghafari
sara_5077@yahoo.com
1
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
AUTHOR
Zahra
Boroomand
z.boroomand@scu.ac.ir
2
Shahid Chamran university
AUTHOR
Anahita
Rezaie
a.rezaie@scu.ac.ir
3
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mansoor
Mayahi
mansoormayahi@scu.ac.ir
4
Shahid Chamran University
AUTHOR
Sara
Eftekharian
5
Shahid Chamran University
AUTHOR
1. P. De Herdt, T. Timmerman, P. Defoort, K. Lycke, R. Jaspers. Fowl adenovirus infections in Belgian broilers: a ten-year survey. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift. 2013; 82: p. 125-132.
1
2. Nateghi E., Razmyar J., Bassami M.R. Molecular characterization of avian adenoviruses in Iranian broiler flocks. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. 2014; 15(2): p. 164-167.
2
3. Harrach B, Benkŏ M., Both G.W., Brown M., Davison A.J., Echavarria M., Hess M, Jones M.S., Kajon A., Lehm-kuhl H.D., Mautner V., Mittal S.K., Wadell G. Family Adenoviridae. In King A.M.Q. AMJ,CEB,LEJ, editor. Virus Taxonomy: IXth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press; 2012. p. 125-141.
3
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17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Modulation of growth performance, haemato-immunological parameters, gut microbiota and stress resistance upon feeding juvenile Schizothorax zarudnyi (Nikolskii, 1897) by fructo-oligosaccharid
A 63-day experiment was carried out under controlled conditions to compare the effects of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) at four levels (5, 10, 20 and 30 g/kg) on growth performance, nutritional efficiency indices, haemato-immunological parameters, stress resistance, digestive enzymes and cultivable autochthonous intestinal microbiota of juvenile (68.52 ± 1.52 g) Khaju fish Schizothorax zarudnyi. Fish fed the diet containing 20 g/ kg FOS had significantly (p < 0.05) higher weight. Dietary FOS supplementation (5-20 g/kg) showed significant effects on SGR compared with control treatment. Hb, Haematocrit, MCV, MCH and lymphocytes in fish fed with the diet containing 20-30 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than those in fish fed with control treatment. After 63-day feed ing period and also, 5-min air exposure challenge test, the activities of IG, LYZ and ACP in serum of fish fed with the diet containing 10-30 g/kg FOS showed a significantly higher trend than other treatments. The ratio of lactobacillus count to total autochthonous intestinal microbiota in fish fed with 10-30 g/kg FOS was significantly higher than that in other treatment groups. Furthermore, dietary FOS supplementation significantly increased survival rate of juvenile Khaju fish. Polynomial regression of SGR, FCR, PPV and PER suggested that the optimum dietary FOS level could be higher than 18.2 and < 23.8 g/kg in fish reared in culture conditions. These results indicate the beneficial effects of FOS, and emphasizes the need for further research to analyze the use of prebiotics on growth performance of fish.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29628_f5ae34dce9cc285d96bd7e364421a825.pdf
2017-01-01
46
56
10.22067/veterinary.v9i2.58376
Khaju fish
Fructo-oligosaccharide
growth
Haemato-immunological parameters
Gut microbiota
Farshid
Sheikhvaisy
farshidsheykhveysi@yahoo.com
1
Islamic Azad University, Kashmar Branch, Kashmar, Iran
AUTHOR
Omid
Safari
omidsafari@um.ac.ir
2
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
LEAD_AUTHOR
Reza
Vakili
rezavakili2010@yahoo.com
3
Islamic Azad University, Kashmar Branch, Kashmar, Iran
AUTHOR
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63
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Sensory evaluation of the color of mutton by computer vision system
Evaluation of meat color by a computer vision system (CVS) is a promising implement to dominate the difficulties when the meat is directly evaluated. In this study, 60 Longissimus dorsi from different carcasses of sheep were provided and cut into samples in 5 mm thickness. Immediately under standard shooting conditions, photographing was carried out by CVS. At the same time, the color of meat was measured with Hunterlab colorimeter. The first photo was taken on samples on a freshly cut surface just arrived at the laboratory and the others on 3rd, 5th,7th, 9th, 11th, and 13th days after slaughtering. Then, seven trained sensory panels were asked to evaluate the color of the photos that were taken during 13 days and graded them in order of preference. In general sensory panel preferred samples with high lightness, a relatively high redness, and yellowness until 7 days after slaughtering.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29665_51ced0e7fc362e94d0ee2c4914b75b12.pdf
2017-01-01
57
63
10.22067/veterinary.v9i2.63673
Sheep
Meat color
Sensory evaluation
Mutton
Samaneh
Tabibian
tabib1989.s@gmail.com
1
Ferdowsi university of Mashhad
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Mohsenzadeh
mohsenzadeh@um.ac.ir
2
Ferdowsi university of Mashhad
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamidreza
Pourreza
hpourreza@um.ac.ir
3
Ferdowsi university of Mashhad
AUTHOR
Mahmoodreza
Golzarian
m.golzarian@um.ac.ir
4
Ferdowsi university of Mashhad
AUTHOR
1. Jimenez-Colmenero F, Carballo J, Cofrades S. Healthier meat and meat products: their role as functional foods. Meat science. 2001;59(1):5-13.
1
2. Norman J, Berg E, Heymann H, Lorenzen C. Pork loin color relative to sensory and instrumental tenderness and consumer acceptance. Meat science. 2003;65(2):92733.
2
3. Fischer K. Drip loss in pork: influencing factors and relation to further meat quality traits. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics. 2007;124(s1):12-8.
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4. Mancini R, Hunt M. Current research in meat color. Meat science. 2005;71(1):100-21.
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5. Mitsumoto M, O’Grady MN, Kerry JP, Buckley DJ. Addition of tea catechins and vitamin C on sensory evaluation, colour and lipid stability during chilled storage in cooked or raw beef and chicken patties. Meat Science. 2005;69(4):773-9.
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6. Ramirez R, Cava R. The crossbreeding of different Duroc lines with the Iberian pig affects colour and oxidative stability of meat during storage. Meat science. 2007;77(3):339-47.
6
7. Pedreschi F, Leon J, Mery D, Moyano P. Development of a computer vision system to measure the color of potato chips. Food Research International. 2006;39(10):1092-8.
7
8. Girolami A, Napolitano F, Faraone D, Braghieri A. Measurement of meat color using a computer vision system. Meat science. 2013;93(1):111-8.
8
9. Faustman C, Cassens R. The biochemical basis for discoloration in fresh meat: a review. Journal of Muscle Foods. 1990;1(3):217-43.
9
10. Hunt M, Acton J, Benedict R, Calkins C, Cornforth D, Jeremiah L, et al., editors. Guidelines for meat color evaluation. 44th Annual Reciprocal Meat Conference; 1991.
10
11. Huff-Lonergan E, Baas TJ, Malek M, Dekkers JC, Prusa K, Rothschild MF. Correlations among selected pork quality traits. Journal of Animal Science. 2002;80(3):617-27.
11
12. Perry D, Thompson J, Hwang I, Butchers A, Egan A. Relationship between objective measurements and taste panel assessment of beef quality. Animal Production Science. 2001;41(7):981-9.
12
13. O’sullivan M, Byrne D, Martens H, Gidskehaug L, Andersen H, Martens M. Evaluation of pork colour: prediction of visual sensory quality of meat from instrumental and computer vision methods of colour analysis. Meat Science. 2003;65(2):909-18.
13
14. Brosnan T, Sun D-W. Improving quality inspection of food products by computer vision––a review. Journal of Food Engineering. 2004;61(1):3-16.
14
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15
16. Chen K, Sun X, Qin C, Tang X. Color grading of beef fat by using computer vision and support vector machine. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2010;70(1):2732.
16
17. Sun X, Chen K, Berg E, Newman D, Schwartz C, Keller W, et al. Prediction of troponin-T degradation using color image texture features in 10d aged beef longissimus steaks. Meat science. 2014;96(2):837-42.
17
18. Hunt M, King A, Barbut S, Clause J, Cornforth D, Hanson D, et al. AMSA meat color measurement guidelines. American Meat Science Association, Champaign, Illinois USA. 2012;61820:1-135.
18
19. Leon K, Mery D, Pedreschi F, Leon J. Color measurement in L∗ a∗ b∗ units from RGB digital images. Food research international. 2006;39(10):1084-91.
19
20. Jackman P, Sun D-W, Du C-J, Allen P, Downey G. Prediction of beef eating quality from colour, marbling and wavelet texture features. Meat science. 2008;80(4):1273-81.
20
21. Larrain R, Schaefer D, Reed J. Use of digital images to estimate CIE color coordinates of beef. Food Research International. 2008;41(4):380-5.
21
22. Jackman P, Sun D-W, Du C-J, Allen P. Prediction of beef eating qualities from colour, marbling and wavelet surface texture features using homogenous carcass treatment. Pattern Recognition. 2009;42(5):75163.
22
23. Pena F, Molina A, Aviles C, Juarez M, Horcada A. Marbling in the longissimus thoracis muscle from lean cattle breeds. Computer image analysis of fresh versus stained meat samples. Meat science. 2013;95(3):512-9.
23
24. Chandraratne M, Samarasinghe S, Kulasiri D, Bickerstaffe R. Prediction of lamb tenderness using image surface texture features. Journal of Food Engineering. 2006;77(3):4929.
24
25. Chen G, Lv D, Pang Z, Liu Q. Red and processed meat consumption and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2013;67(1):91.
25
26. Birch J. Efficiency of the Ishihara test for identifying red-green colour deficiency. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 1997;17(5):403-8.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
NetB negative Clostridium perfringens infection associated with acute necrotic enteritis in mynah (Acridotheres tristis), grey partridge (Perdix perdix) and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)
A non–enterotoxin (CPE)–producing Clostridium perfringens type A, associated with enteritis in a mynah (Acridotheres tristis), a grey partridge (Perdix perdix) and a turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) was characterized from cases with clinical symptoms from September 2010 until October 2012. Affected birds exhibited anorexia and diarrhea. Gross and histological findings were indicative of acute necrotic enteritis. Clostridium perfringens was isolated in bacterial cultures. Multiplex PCR for toxin profiling of the isolates revealed that the all three isolates were Clostridium perfringens type A, positive for cpb2 and cpa.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29275_156dbb4c0df0c6778499f35916ff727b.pdf
2017-01-01
64
69
10.22067/veterinary.v9i2.56897
Mynah (Acridotheres tristis)
Grey Partridge (Perdix perdix)
Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)
Clostridium perfringens
cpb2
cpa
Jamshid
Razmyar
jrazmyar@alumni.ut.ac.ir
1
University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Massoud
Rezaee
massoud.rezaee@yahoo.com
2
Ferdowsi university of Mashhad
AUTHOR
Ahmad Reza
Movassaghi
armov@yahoo.com
3
Ferdowsi university of Mashhad
AUTHOR
Bahram
Shojadust
4
University of Guelph
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ovarian Fibrothecoma in a Holstein cow: A Case report
A 5-year-old Holstein cow was referred to the Veterinary Medicine Hospital, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran, with abnormal estrous cycle. At rectal palpation, the unilateral ovary enlargement was detected. On transrectal ultrasonography view, the left ovary had uniformly hyperechogenic areas. The affected ovary was removed by ovariectomy and sent for histopathological examination. Histopathological evaluation revealed fibroblastic cells producing collagen fibers and theca cells containing lipids. Based on histopathological features, diagnosis of fibrothecoma was confirmed. This case reports an extremely rare fibrothecoma in cow.
https://ijvst.um.ac.ir/article_29329_4f6b8db2477f11f33dca5178d849c4a2.pdf
2017-01-01
70
74
10.22067/veterinary.v9i2.62085
Bovine
Fibrothecoma
histopathology
Ovary
tumor
Ali
Soleimanzadeh
a.soleimanzadeh@urmia.ac.ir
1
Urmia University
LEAD_AUTHOR
RoozAli
Batavani
roozali.batavani@urmia.ac.ir
2
Urmia University
AUTHOR
Alireza
Nourian
ali.nourian@urmia.ac.ir
3
Urmia University
AUTHOR
Belal
Pashaie
belal.pashaie@urmia.ac.ir
4
Urmia University
AUTHOR
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